Predictors of Immunization Defaulting Among Children Age 12-23 Months in Hawassa Zuria District of Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Unmatched Case Control Study

Tesfaye, Fikru; Tamiso, Alemu; Birhan, Yemane; Tadele, Tariku

doi:10.11591/ijphs.v3i3.6541

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Thus, children whose mothers/caretakers had poor knowledge of immunization were 2.02 times more likely remained to have incompletely vaccinated children than mothers who had good knowledge. This finding is similar to the recent studies carried out in Hawassa Zuria, Laelay Adiabo districts, Gondar City administration of Ethiopia, and South Ethiopia [ 29 , 34 – 36 ]. This shows that knowledge of a mother on a particular or a given health service including immunization creates a conducive situation for the utilization of the service.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Children who were born at home were 5.47 times more likely to incompletely vaccinate compared to children born at a health institution. The finding of our study is similar to the other studies conducted in Nepal, Machakel District, South and South-west Ethiopia, and Pakistan [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 31 – 33 ]. This could be explained by mothers who give births at health institutions have better access to health education, counseling, and child health services including vaccination of the child.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Determinants of incomplete child vaccination among mothers of children aged 12–23 months in Worebabo district, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Abegaz,

Seid,

Awol

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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In nations like Ethiopia, vaccination rates are low despite being one of the most effective public health treatments to protect infants from common infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. In Worebabo District, the reasons of the underutilization of vaccination programs are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination in the study setting. Community based unmatched case-control study was carried out among 441 mothers of children aged 12–23 months old (147 cases and 294 controls) in Worebabo District, Ethiopia from March 1—April 30, 2020. Using a multistage sampling process, mothers were chosen. Health professionals were trained to collect data using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire. Data entered into Epi Info version 7.2 and put through statistical analysis in SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratio with a 95%CL. A p-value of under 0.05 was estimated statistically significant. The study found that older moms (>35 years old) were more likely than younger mothers to fail to properly immunize their children (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.09, 5.28). In addition, mothers with incomplete vaccinations had lower knowledge of the benefits of vaccination (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.39), Negative attitudes towards immunization (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 2.82, 8.49), less access to prenatal care (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.58, 8.54), home delivery (AOR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.58)., 11.58), absent home visits (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.69, 7.48), and longer time to reach vaccination site (>1 h) (AOR = 10.07)., 95% CI: 1.75, 57.79) were found associated with mother incomplete vaccination of the child. Mothers being older age, less access to antenatal care services, place of home delivery, longer time to reach vaccination site, negative attitude and poor knowledge towards the benefit of vaccination were associated with mothers’ incomplete vaccination of the child. Therefore, health professionals should inform and counsel mothers about the advantages of childhood immunization as well as the consequences of incomplete or not vaccination of children at the time of the facility visit and by community health workers during the routine home visit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determinants of incomplete child vaccination among mothers of children aged 12–23 months in Worebabo district, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Abegaz,

Seid,

Awol

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Education has been reported [25–27] to have a profound effect on mother’s health seeking behaviour which includes child immunization. As revealed in similar studies [13, 28], childhood immunization is influenced by the household poverty. The poorer a household becomes, the more the tendency of children from such households to be incompletely immunized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors

et al. 2017

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BackgroundUnder-five mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa despite global decline. One quarter of these deaths are preventable through interventions such as immunization. The aim of this study was to examine the independent effects of individual-, community- and state-level factors on incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria, which is one of the 10 countries where most of the incompletely immunised children in the world live.MethodsThe study was based on secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were applied to the data on 5,754 children aged 12–23 months who were fully immunized or not (level 1), nested within 896 communities (level 2) from 37 states (level 3).ResultsMore than three-quarter of the children (76.3%) were not completely immunized. About 83% of children of young mothers (15–24 years) and 94% of those whose mothers are illiterate did not receive full immunization. In the fully adjusted model, the chances of not being fully immunized reduced for children whose mothers attended antenatal clinic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49; 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.39–0.60), delivered in health facility (aOR = 0.62; 95% CrI = 0.51–0.74) and lived in urban area (aOR = 0.66; 95% CrI = 0.50–0.82). Children whose mothers had difficulty getting to health facility (aOR = 1.28; 95% CrI = 1.02–1.57) and lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities (aOR = 2.93; 95% CrI = 1.60–4.71) and states (aOR = 2.69; 955 CrI =1.37–4.73) were more likely to be incompletely immunized.ConclusionsThis study has revealed that the risk of children being incompletely immunized in Nigeria was influenced by not only individual factors but also community- and state-level factors. Interventions to improve child immunization uptake should take into consideration these contextual characteristics.

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“…On the contrary, nine primary studies [ 47 – 55 ] were included only by Eshet et al [ 17 ], six primary studies [ 16 , 56 – 60 ] for only by Nour et al, 2020b [ 14 ], two primary studies [ 61 , 62 ] were specific to Ketema et al [ 18 ], and one primary study [ 63 ] and three demographic and health survey studies [ 64 ] were only included by Nour et al, 2020a [ 12 ], and three primary studies were included only in Biset et al reviews [ 13 ]. Therefore a total of 24 primary studies [ 16 , 47 – 57 , 59 – 64 ] indicating that there was no overlapping of primary studies, which in turn contributing for the difference in prevalence of immunization coverage and its determinants among the included five SRM studies, which in turn necessitated to conduct this umbrella review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis studies

Zemariam,

Abebe,

Kassa

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Immunization estimated to prevent 2 to 3 million children deaths every year from vaccine preventable disease. In Ethiopia, limited and inconclusive studies have been conducted on immunization coverage so far. Therefore, this umbrella review was intended to estimate the pooled national immunization coverage and its associated factors among children age 12–23 months in Ethiopia. Methods This umbrella review included five systematic reviews and meta-analyses through literature search from PubMed, Science direct, and web of science, CINHALE, and data bases specific to systematic reviews such as the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Prospero, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews from May 1 to 30/ 2023. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in English from inception to May 1, 2023, were included. The quality of each study was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel 2016 and analyzed using STATA 17.0 statistical software. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q statistics and I2 test. The pooled effect sizes were determined using pooled proportion for the full vaccination coverage and odds ratios for the associated factors with the corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to declare statically significance. Results Five studies with 77,161 children aged 12–23 months were included. The overall pooled full vaccination coverage was 57.72% (95% CI 50.17, 65.28). Institutional delivery (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.78–2.52), travel to vaccination site for <2 hours (OR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.97–3.00), received at least one antenatal (ANC) visit (OR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.46–4.1), good maternal knowledge of immunization (OR: 3.63, 95%CI: 2.82–4.67), being informed on immunization schedule (OR: 2.54, 95%CI: 2.02–3.2), living in urban areas (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.54–2.6), and a household visit by health-care providers (HCP) during the postnatal period (OR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.22–4.09) were the independent predictors of immunization coverage. Conclusion This study showed the full immunization coverage in Ethiopia was lower compared to the WHO-recommended level. Besides, the current umbrella review identifies several factors that contribute to higher immunization coverage. These includes; institutional delivery, near to vaccination site, having ANC visit, being urban residence, household visited by HCP, having good knowledge and informed on immunization schedule. Thus, the government should intensify the growth of immunization services by emphasizing outreach initiatives to reach remote areas and professionals must combine child immunization service with other medical services offered by health institutions.

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Predictors of Immunization Defaulting Among Children Age 12-23 Months in Hawassa Zuria District of Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Unmatched Case Control Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Determinants of incomplete child vaccination among mothers of children aged 12–23 months in Worebabo district, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Determinants of incomplete child vaccination among mothers of children aged 12–23 months in Worebabo district, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors

Immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis studies

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