It is common for food to be made more palatable through the use of the flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate, also known as vetsin powder. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to explore how vetsin-induced hepatic toxicity, DNA fragmentation, damage, and oxidative stress modifications could be mitigated with moringa leaf extract (MLE). To that end, 40 male rats were separated into four groups: normal control, positive control or MLE, vetsin, and vetsin combined with MLE. Results indicated that, compared to the control group, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), liver malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, injury, PCNA, and P53 expressions were significantly enhanced by the administration of vetsin (P < 0.05). However, the vetsin group had significantly reduced levels of albumin, globulin, total protein, liver glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities (P < 0.05) by comparison to control. Meanwhile, modifications in liver functions, oxidative stress, DNA damage, liver injury, and PCNA expression were alleviated when vetsin was administered alongside MLE. The authors conclude that vetsin may have many side effects and that MLE can ameliorate biochemical changes, oxidative stress, hepatic injury, PCNA, and P53 alterations induced by vetsin administration.

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The use of synthetic azo dyes as coloring agents in food products has dramatically increased. This study evaluated the effect of perinatal exposure to tartrazine (TZ) on mice offspring, focusing on neurobehavioral alterations and oxidative stress. The female mice received TZ (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) via oral gavage during pregnancy and the first 15 days after birth. At days 21 and 35 after birth, male mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for analyses. Perinatal exposure to TZ triggered tissue injury evidenced by the histological alterations and neuronal damage in the cerebrum, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. TZ provoked lipid peroxidation and diminished cellular antioxidants in different brain regions of the newborns. In addition, TZ increased hemoglobin content, as well as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets count at days 21 and 35 after birth. Both the locomotor behavior and anxiety reflex were significantly altered in mice exposed to TZ. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to TZ within an adequate daily intake range induced oxidative stress and neurobehavioral and hematological alterations in mice offspring. Therefore, consuming foods containing TZ during pregnancy and lactation warrants public awareness.

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Introduction: Nanoparticles are at the forefront of rapidly developing nanotechnology and have gained much attention for their application as an effective drug delivery system and as a mediated therapeutic agent for cancer. However, the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is still relatively unknown and, therefore, additional study is required in order to elucidate the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles on cells. Materials and Methods: Thus, the following work aimed to investigate the capability of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) water extract (BWE; 200 mg/kg) to protect hepatic tissue following silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 80 mg/kg; >100 nm) intoxication in male rats. Results: AgNPs-intoxication elevated the liver function markersincluding serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activitiesand decreased serum levels of albumin and total proteins, in addition to disturbing the oxidation homeostasis. This is evidenced by the increased lipid peroxidation, the depleted glutathione, and the suppressed activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, an apoptotic reaction was observed following AgNPs treatment, as indicated by the up-regulation of p53 and down-regulating Bcl-2 expressions, examined by the immunohistochemistry method. Furthermore, AgNPs exhibited a marked elevation in liver DNA damage that was indicated by an increase in tail length, tail DNA% and tail movement. However, BWE eliminated the biochemical and histological alterations, reflecting its hepatoprotection effect in response to AgNPs. Discussion: Collectively, the present data suggest that BWE could be used following AgNPs as a potential therapeutic intervention to minimize AgNPs-induced liver toxicity.

To explore the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes among the students of the Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 396 (18-24 years) undergraduate students from the PNU were requested to participate, after acquiring their verbal consent. The two-part questionnaire included the demographic and anthropometric data like age, weight and height in the first part, while the assessment of the disordered eating attitudes according to the tools listed in the Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) were included in the second part. A total score of 20 or more on questions 1-26 was classified as being at risk of eating disorders. The study showed 145 students (36.8%) in all, fell under the class of high level of concern for an eating disorder, registering a score of 20 or higher on the EAT-26. With respect to the EAT score among the BMI categories marked differences were evident on the EAT items, feeling extremely guilty after eating, occupied with a desire to be thinner, burning up calories during exercise, preoccupied with the thought of having fat on my body, eating diet food, feeling uncomfortable after eating sweets and engaging in dieting behavior, having gone on eating binges where I feel I may not be able to stop and feeling that others would prefer if I ate more food and other people think I am too thin. Besides, in comparison to students with normal weight, students who were underweight, overweight, and obese exhibited considerable disparities on the total EAT score. More than one third (36.6%) of females at PNU university, Saudi Arabia had disordered eating attitudes. The present study revealed that female students require awareness regarding proper nutrition.

Objectives: To find out the potential role of nutritional components in improving brain function among patients with Alzheimer's disease)AD(. Methods: The correlation between nutrition and cerebral function in cases of AD has been the focus of 19 prospective randomised controlled trials)RCTs(Systematic Review with a combined research sample of 2297 patients. These RCTs are subject to systematic review and meta-analysis in the current paper. Results: Findings showed that chain-free secondary saturated fatty acids)SFA(and trans fatty acids)TFA(occurred in higher concentrations in AD patients' brains than in controls. Furthermore, neuroinflammation was caused by remodelling of the lipid membrane and AD patients' cognitive function was impacted by alterations in tyrosine, tryptophan, purine, and tocopherol pathway metabolomics. Moreover, in cases of mild-to-moderate AD, reduction in functionality was induced by administration of alpha-tocopherol for more than 12 months. Consumption of Souvenaid helps in synaptic synthesis, which enhances functional connectivity. Furthermore, consumption of the B vitamins folate, cobalamin and pyridoxine at dosages of 0.8 mg, 0.5 mg and 20 mg per day, respectively, over a period of one year resulted in lower plasma tHcy levels and brain atrophy. Conclusion: Chain-free SFA and TFA occur in greater amounts in the brains of individuals with AD than in those without AD.

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