Electrochemical sensing performance is often compromised by electrode biofouling (e.g., proteins nonspecific binding) in complex biological fluids; however, the design and construction of a robust biointerface remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by nature, we demonstrate a robust polydopamine‐engineered biointerfacing, to tailing zwitterionic molecules (i.e., sulfobetaine methacrylate, SBMA) through Michael Addition. The SBMA‐PDA biointerface can resist proteins nonspecific binding in complex biological fluids while enhancing interfacial electron transfer and electrochemical stability of the electrode. In addition, this sensing interface can be integrated with tissue‐implantable electrode for in vivo analysis with improved sensing performance, preserving ca. 92.0% of the initial sensitivity after 2 h of implantation in brain tissue, showing low acute neuroinflammatory responses and good stability both in normal and in Parkinson′s disease (PD) rat brain tissue.
In vivo electrochemistry with a carbon-fiber electrode (CFE) is the most useful method for tracking neurochemicals in specific brain regions due to its high spatiotemporal resolution. However, CFE is inevitably subject to surface biofouling that leads to a decrease in sensitivity.Here, we develop a polytannic acid (PTA)-doped nanoporous conductive polyaniline (PANI) membrane-coated CFE to minimize biofouling-induced negative effects for in vivo analysis. The as-prepared PTA−PANI-coated CFE shows excellent antifouling property and enrichment capacity toward electrochemical measurement of dopamine (DA) in physiological pH. The PTA−PANI-coated CFE can in vivo monitor the release of DA induced by electrical stimulation and exhibits almost the same sensitivity in the postcalibration (S post ) and the precalibration (S pre ; S post /S pre = 0.90). We believe this conductive nanoporous membrane-coated CFE offers a new platform for in vivo measurement, which would help probe brain chemistry.
Single
particle collision is emerging as a powerful and sensitive
technique for analyzing small molecules, however, its application
in biomacromolecules detection, for example, protein, in complex biological
environments is still challenging. Here, we present the first demonstration
on the single particle collision that can be developed for the detection
of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), an important protein involved
in the central nervous system in living rat brain. The system features
Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) conjugated with the PDGF recognition aptamer,
suppressing the electrocatalytic collision of PtNPs toward the oxidation
of hydrazine. In the presence of PDGF, the stronger binding between
targeted protein and the aptamer disrupts the aptamer/PtNPs conjugates,
recovering the electrocatalytic performance of PtNPs, and allowing
quantitative, selective, and highly sensitive detection of PDGF in
cerebrospinal fluid of rat brain.
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