Background. Periodontal disease is one of the major causes of alveolar bone loss. There are various ways of regenerating the lost bone, i.e. guided tissue regeneration, bone grafts, and growth factors. In this purview, it becomes immensely important for a clinician to decide the best modality of treatment. In this study, we compared the effect of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in combination with concentrated growth factors (CGF) verses CGF alone. Methods. This double-blind, split-mouth study was conducted on ten patients with two comparable bilateral intrabony defects. Each pair of defects was randomly treated by DFDBA + CGF or CGF alone. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (MGI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL) were recorded at baseline, three months, and six months. In addition, radiograph with grids was also taken at baseline and six months. The paired t-test was used to compare the pre- and post-treatment values and the unpaired t-test was used to compare the test and control group. Results. The PI score decreased significantly from baseline to six months. Similarly, the mean MGI score decreased significantly from baseline to six months. The intragroup comparison showed that there was a significant reduction in PPD in both the test and control group. However, the intergroup comparison showed that the reduced pocket depth was not significant. The intragroup radiographic comparison showed that there was the significant formation of bone in both the test and control group but inter-group showed that the formation of bone among both the group were non-significant. Conclusion. Radiographic and clinical outcomes of this study concluded that post six months, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters. However, the addition of DFDBA to CGFs did not give any additional benefits.

Background: Patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM), a genetic issue due to hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis disorder, require life-long erythrocyte transfusion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare gingival pigmentation and skin color with serum ferritin levels of patients with β-TM, using the Dummett's oral pigmentation index (DOPI) and Fitzpatrick skin scale, respectively. Methods: A total of 100 patients were monitored at a thalassemia care center. Each patient's gingival pigmentation and skin color were matched with DOPI and the skin scale under natural light. Serum ferritin levels, the interval of blood transfusions, and iron chelation medications were studied. A gingival pigmentation score and skin color type were compared with the serum ferritin. Results: A significant correlation was found between age, serum ferritin, pigmentation score, and skin color, which means as serum ferritin level increases, gingival pigmentation score increases, and skin color darkens. Conclusion: This study evaluated the correlation between gingival pigmentation and skin color with serum ferritin levels and established gingival pigmentation as a sign of iron deposition in β-TM patients. This is the simplest and least invasive method for evaluating serum ferritin level parameters in β-TM patients.

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AimThe study aims to clinically and radiographically compare the bucco-lingual crestal bone changes after immediate and delayed placement of implants.MethodsTwo groups that consisted of fifty implants were considered for this study. In group A the implants were placed immediately post extraction, whereas, in group B implants placement were delayed by four to six weeks. All the implants were submerged within the alveoli confines. Bone grafts were only placed if the jumping distance was more than 1.5 mm. Barrier membrane was not placed in any of the cases. Bucco-lingual width was measured at the time of implant placement and during abutment placement after four to six weeks. Primary flap closure was ensured in all the cases.ResultsThirty-one implants were placed in the mandible and nineteen were placed in the maxilla. All the implants achieved osseointegration. Immediate implant group showed a mean width of 8.80 mm (SD2.280) at the time of implant placement whereas, 7.60 mm (SD 1.871) after six months. Delayed implant group showed a mean width of 8.40 mm (SD1.673) at the time of implant placement, and 7.40 mm (SD 1.658) after six months. Intragroup showed statistically significant data (P<0.05). When the intergroup comparison of group 1 and group 2 was made at implant placement day and abutment placement day, it was found to be statistically non-significant.ConclusionThis study suggests that circumferential defect heals on itself without any guided bone regeneration in both the groups. The data suggests that the healing in both the group were equally good. The equally good results suggest placing the implant immediately post extraction. This saves the cost, time and most importantly the need for an extra surgery.

Background:Coverage of gingival recession is a very precision-oriented procedure. Employment of operating microscope has proved to be a boon in various surgical procedures and therefore can have positive benefits on the outcome of a procedure.Aim:The aim of this study is to find out whether the use of an operating microscope in the surgical treatment of Millers Class I and Class II gingival recession defects could improve the outcome in terms of root coverage and final tissue appearance compared to those done by the conventional technique.Materials and Methods:This clinical study was carried out on ten patients with the presence of bilateral isolated gingival recession classified as Miller's Class I or Class II recession defect. The split-mouth design was used where coronally advanced flap with the placement of platelet-rich fibrin was done in defects in test (microsurgical) and control (conventional) groups. Various clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and then postoperatively at 3-months and 6-month intervals.Results:The visual analog scale scores showed a statistically significant difference between scores while all other parameters had no statistically significant difference in intergroup comparison after 3 and 6 months.Conclusion:While microscope permitted less traumatic and minimally invasive procedure, both groups showed convincing improvement in clinical parameters.

Aim The study aimed to clinically and radiographically evaluate the effect of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) versus demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in treating periodontal disease. Method The study consisted of 44 patients. The sites were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatment modalities (BCP at site 1 and demineralized freeze-dried bone at site 2) by a computerized method. All the clinical data were measured with the help of a University of North Carolina-15 (UNC-15) probe at the baseline, three months, and six months postoperatively. Radiovisiographs were taken using a Rinn XCP® (Dentsply/Rinn Corp, Elgin, IL) system and an oral grid using the paralleling technique. A manual calculation of the defect area was undertaken at the end of six months and was compared with the other groups. Result The linear bone growth recorded for site 1 at the end of six months was 3.8 ± 1.14 mm, and site 2 was 4.6 ± 1.07 mm. The intergroup comparison showed more remarkable linear bone growth in site 2, which was statistically insignificant, with a mean difference of 0.8 ± 1.23 mm and a p -value of 0.07. Conclusion Improvements were observed on all the documented parameters. However, the sites treated with DFDBA showed better periodontal regeneration.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is defined as a clinically and genetically diverse cluster of illnesses involving conflict in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Periodontitis is a complex condition with several causes. The interaction between these two conditions appears to be cyclical as well as bidirectional. Gingival crevicular blood obtained through routine periodontal oral assessment could be utilised for blood glucose estimation. Aim: To examine the efficacy of gingival crevicular blood elicited during routine periodontal probing as a reliable source for screening of diabetes mellitus, and to compare it with finger capillary blood and venous capillary blood in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, in-vivo, clinical study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology at Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, from January 2021 to January 2022. The study included 50 patients, who were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis in the age range ≥30 years, and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A prior detailed history was compiled. The clinical parameters recorded were sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Each patient’s blood samples were collected from three different sites, Gingival Crevicular Blood (GCB) collected from gingival crevice, Finger Capillary Blood (FCB) collected from finger bed and and Venous Capillary Blood (VCB) collected from forearm for determining the blood glucose levels. Glucose levels were compared by oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Karl Pearson’s correlation was used for the comparison. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis and p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) was 5.5±0.61 mm and 6.76±0.82 mm, respectively. The mean Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) score was 1.41±0.25 and 1.45±0.21, respectively. The mean GCB, FCB, and VCB glucose level of the subjects were 171.58±85.63 mg/dL, 179.14 ±80.31 mg/dL and 186.96±87.57 mg/dL, respectively. There was no statistical difference seen among the three methods thus, either of the methods can be used for measuring blood glucose levels for screening of diabetes mellitus in chronic periodontitis patients (p-value= 0.66). Posistive correlation between FCB and VCB (r-value=0.976, p-value<0.001). VCB and GCB when correlated showed strong positive and highly statistically significant results (r-value= 0.934, p-value<0.001). Similarly, GCB and FCB showed a positive correlation (r-value=0.920, p-value<0.001) which was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: The results suggested that the efficacy of gingival crevicular blood when compared with finger capillary blood and venous capillary blood glucose levels showed positive correlation, suggesting either can be used in dental clinics for diabetic screening purpose without any extra invasive procedures.

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