Introduction: In India, an estimated 57,000 deaths were attributed to Asthma in 2004 & it was seen as one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality (WHO 2004). The range of prevalence of Bronchial asthma in children in India varied from 2% to 20%. So far, no community based studies have been conducted in Western Uttar Pradesh to find out the prevalence of bronchial asthma in children. The present study is an effort in that direction. Objective: To determine the prevalence of bronchial asthma among children of 5-15 years and its environmental determinants. Methods: A cross sectional community based study was conducted by interviewing the parents of randomly selected children in the age group of 5-15 years using International Study on Allergy And Asthma In Childhood (ISAAC) Questionnaire. Assuming the prevalence of bronchial asthma to be 10% at 95% confidence interval and allowing a relative precision of 20% for the estimate and expecting a non response rate of 5 %, the sample size was calculated as 907. The observations thus obtained were tabulated and analysed using relevant statistical methods. Results: A total of 880 children of 5-15 yrs participated in the study showing a response rate of 97.02%. The prevalence of asthma was found to be 9.3%. The prevalence of asthma was found to be associated with inadequate ventilation (OR=2.71) and presence of pets (OR= 2.70) Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma was found to be 9.3% and it warrants a national program to reduce the morbidity in children.
Background: Needle stick injuries (NSI) are one of the dreaded but preventable occupational hazard posed to health care worker in various clinical settings. The causes of NSI includes injuries caused by use of hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, needles in intravenous delivery systems, needles in diagnostic aspiration procedures and needle in interventional or surgical procedures. In developing countries, needle stick injuries prevalence is also related to lack of standard operating protocol in various institution.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in 384 paramedical, technical, auxiliary and sanitary staff of three government and three private hospitals of Meerut from November 2015 to October 2016.Results: In our study, Overall prevalence of NSI was 77/384 (20.1%). Among sub-groups, needle stick injury was 26.6% and 31.3% in nurses, 37.5% and 16.7% in technicians, 15% and 12.5% in wardboys/aaya and 15.6% and 9.4% in sweepers of public and private hospitals respectively.Conclusions: Standard operating protocol is the need of the hour at every medical institution and hospitals for NSI. Regular training regarding NSI, promoting early reporting and availability of immediate Post exposure prophylaxis should be ensured.
Opioids are one of the most effective analgesics used commonly in recent times but human saliva is an amazing natural pain killer that produces the analgesic effect as that of opioids. The study is designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of human saliva in different doses. The study is carried out on albino mice weighing 20-25gm. Mice were divided into 5 groups each containing 6 mice. Group I was taken as control and administered distilled water 0.2ml, group II, III and IV were taken as treated. Group II was administered 0.2ml saliva; group III 0.4ml and to group IV 0.6ml saliva was administered. Group V was given acetyl salicylic acid (300mg/60kg).The saliva was taken from same healthy female subject for all doses. The tail flick test was performed for evaluation of analgesic effects.From our study we observed that maximum analgesic effect was observed at 90 minutes (4.6sec±0.10) by 0.2ml dose. However on increasing dose to 0.4ml maximum analgesic activity was observed at 120minutes (6.7±0.10), whereas at 0.6ml dose maximum effect was observed at 180 minutes (4.6sec±0.08). Maximum activity by standard was observed at 120 minutes (6.9±0.09).Our study indicates that human saliva at 0.4ml shows effects like standard however there is significant decrease in analgesic activity as compared to standard (moderate analgesic effect). The results might vary with change in subjects and further studies can be conducted on this point. This study gives us hope that in future it will be very easy to relieve pain especially free of addiction and adverse effects.
Background: Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana has been launched to provide financial protection expenditure to nearly 500 million vulnerable Indians. For expanding the coverage under the scheme, it is necessary to understand the perspective of health care service providers involved in the scheme. Aim & Objective: To find out the bottlenecks in implementation of PMJAY scheme using empanelled hospitals’ perspective Settings and Design: Cross sectional study Methods and Material: 8 Public and 23 Private hospitals were selected through Simple Random Sampling from the list of PMJAY empanelled hospitals. The PMJAY Medical Officer co-ordinators in the empanelled hospitals were interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: Data was analysed using descriptive statistics in Epiinfo software. Results: Among the 31 empanelled hospitals studied, 93.5% were satisfied with the process for empanelment under PMJAY. 64.5% hospitals were not satisfied with the Health Benefit Packages. 77.4% hospitals perceived the PMJAY to be poorer as compared to private health insurance with reasons being poor grievance reprisal, poor claim processing and settlement, denial of reimbursement of health packages, poor rates of health packages and little information about the scheme. Conclusions: Various hurdles are being faced in the implementation of the scheme. There definitely remains a huge scope for further improvements so as to enhance the insurance coverage in the country.
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