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AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to assess Indian consumers' brand consciousness by examining their brand knowledge, purchase behaviour and perceptions of foreign brands. It provides key inputs for global retailers to harness the potential in growing consumerism in India. Design/methodology/approach -A survey of 300 Indian consumers was conducted and the data were analysed using descriptive and simple regression techniques. Findings -The study found that brand purchase in India varies across product categories. At present, consumer knowledge and use of foreign brands is low, and Indian consumers are price-sensitive. Indian consumers are experimenting with brands and would like more foreign brands to enter the Indian market.Research limitations/implications -Due to the small sample size, advanced econometrics techniques could not be used to analyse the dataset. Originality/value -The paper is the first to assess the impact of retail liberalisation on Indian consumers' shopping behaviour, particularly their brand consciousness.
Developing countries, including India, are increasing relying on foreign direct investments (FDI) for raising finance for infrastructure development and other projects. Consequently, countries are undertaking policy reforms for facilitating investment flows. In India, services sector is the largest recipient of inward and outward FDI since liberalization. Yet, India continues to face certain challenges to both inward and outward foreign investments as a result of which, it has not been able to exploit its full potential. This article studies the trends and patterns in India’s inward and outward investment flows and analyzes its international agreements to examine the degree of openness across different services sector, assess barriers and suggest reforms. The article uses the Fink and Molinuevo (2008) framework to examine the architectural design of India’s trade agreements and their level of openness in investment in services. The article found that despite progressive liberalization, India continues to impose operating restrictions and regulatory barriers on foreign investors. India is not willing to take forward-looking commitments in investment in services and bind the autonomous regime. The article suggests that FDI is a ‘market access’ issue and it should be delinked from domestic regulation. Domestic regulation should not discriminate between foreign and domestic investors.
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