Human beings are sometime expose to the same to predisposing factors of a given infectious disease, but the outcome in terms of disease manifestation differs greatly. This variation is mainly attributed to the genetic makeup of such individuals; this is because human genetic has long been associated with the variation in susceptibility to various infectious diseases, which is termed as genetic resistance. Therefore the aim of this paper was to review the state of knowledge on genetic resistance associated with malaria infection. Genetic resistance to malaria can be describe as an inherited alteration or changes in the genetic material of humans specifically DNA molecule and other vital biomolecules which increases the chances of resistance to malaria and thus, result in an increased survival of individuals with those genetic alterations. In addition such changes also affect the general wellbeing and survival of the parasite to the extent that the parasite cannot even multiply or replicate itself while in such infected erythrocyte. This is because such alteration in the DNA molecule interferes with some of the vital chemical and biochemical processes of the parasite (Plasmodim spp). Therefore, several genetic disorders and or trait which include: Sickle cell disease, Glocose-6-Phosphatedehyrogenase deficiency, Pyruvate Kinase deficiency, Duffy antigen, Ovalocytocytosis, Thalassemia and ABO blood group are known to offer special protection against malaria disease in individuals who possessed at least one of such disorders or trait.
Successful malaria diagnosis is the mainstay of successful treatment, prevention and eradication of malaria infection. Apart from the gold standard technique (Microscopy), numerous diagnostic techniques perform a similar function to microscopy and in most cases tend to have varying sensitivity and specificity, especially when compared with the gold standard technique. Therefore this study aimed to determine the Performance and accuracy of SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f (05fk50) (Rapid Diagnostic Test kit) to Gold standard (Microscopy). A total of two hundred (200) samples were collected from the consented study subjects and analyzed using RDT and Giemsa staining technique. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 132(66.0%) and 167(83.5%) respectively by RDT and Microscopy, where 115 (57.5%) were true positive, there was no significant difference between the two techniques (P> 0.05, df= 1, χ 2 = 3.695). The RDT recorded a sensitivity and specificity value of 68.86% and 48.48% respectively with a positive predictive value of 87.78% and a negative predictive value of 23.53%. The RDT recorded an overall accuracy of 0.66. The Rapid Diagnostic test kit used in the present demonstrated a high level of sensitivity and positive predictive value with relatively low specificity and negative predictive value. Regular checks on the Performance and accuracy of all brands of RDT should be conducted as their performance can be easily affected by some intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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