Genetic resistance to human malaria

Muhammad, Ismail; Abubakar, Bala; Muhammad, Tanko

doi:10.55705/cmbr.2022.342533.1043

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) contributed about 93% of the cases and 94% of the mortalities [3]. In SSA and elsewhere, malaria endemicity is influenced by changes in the biological, ecological, and climatic factors [4,5]. The changes in the aforementioned factors control the life span of both vector and parasite and sustain malaria infection even in small ecoclimatic scales and between ecotypes [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana

Aninagyei,

Puopelle,

Tukwarlba

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Malaria is endemic in the Central region of Ghana, however, the ecological and the seasonal variations of Plasmodium population structure and the intensity of malaria transmission in multiple sites in the region have not been explored. In this cross-sectional study, five districts in the region were involved. The districts were Agona Swedru, Assin Central and Gomoa East (representing the forest zone) and Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese and Cape Coast representing the coastal zone. Systematically, blood samples were collected from patients with malaria. The malaria status was screened with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit (CareStart manufactured by Access Bio in Somerset, USA) and the positive ones confirmed microscopically. Approximately, 200 μL of blood was used to prepare four dried blood spots of 50μL from each microscopy positive sample. The Plasmodium genome was sequenced at the Malaria Genome Laboratory (MGL) of Wellcome Sanger Institute (WSI), Hinxton, UK. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the parasite mitochondria (PfMIT:270) core genome aided the species identification of Plasmodium. Subsequently, the complexity of infection (COI) was determined using the complexity of infection likelihood (COIL) computational analysis. In all, 566 microscopy positive samples were sequenced. Of this number, Plasmodium genome was detected in 522 (92.2%). However, whole genome sequencing was successful in 409/522 (72.3%) samples. In total, 516/522 (98.8%) of the samples contained P. falciparum mono-infection while the rest (1.2%) were either P. falciparum/P. ovale (Pf/Po) (n = 4, 0.8%) or P. falciparum/P. malariae/P. vivax (Pf/Pm/Pv) mixed-infection (n = 2, 0.4%). All the four Pf/Po infections were identified in samples from the Assin Central municipality whilst the two Pf/Pm/Pv triple infections were identified in Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese district and Cape Coast metropolis. Analysis of the 409 successfully sequenced genome yielded between 1–6 P. falciparum clones per individual infection. The overall mean COI was 1.78±0.92 (95% CI: 1.55–2.00). Among the study districts, the differences in the mean COI between ecological zones (p = 0.0681) and seasons (p = 0.8034) were not significant. However, regression analysis indicated that the transmission of malaria was more than twice among study participants aged 15–19 years (OR = 2.16, p = 0.017) and almost twice among participants aged over 60 years (OR = 1.91, p = 0.021) compared to participants between 20–59 years. Between genders, mean COI was similar except in Gomoa East where females recorded higher values. In conclusion, the study reported, for the first time, P. vivax in Ghana. Additionally, intense malaria transmission was found to be higher in the 15–19 and > 60 years, compared to other age groups. Therefore, active surveillance for P. vivax in Ghana and enhanced malaria control measures in the 15–19 year group years and those over 60 years are recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana

Aninagyei,

Puopelle,

Tukwarlba

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Various species of Plasmodium, including Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium ovale cause malaria in humans (3). This disease is transmitted through the bite of humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes (4). Anopheles mosquitoes need high-temperature weather for growth and survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of malaria in southern Iran: How could manage this disease?

khammarnia,

Peyvand,

Barfar

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Iran is considered one of the countries with high rates of malaria, particularly in its southern and southeastern regions. In 2009, Iran initiated a program aimed at eliminating malaria by 2025. Proper management of the disease requires a complete knowledge of the disease. The objective of this study was to examine the malaria situation in southern Iran from 2016 to 2023. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in Sistan-Baluchistan province as the second largest province of Iran in 2023. The clinical and demographical data were collected for the three medical universities from March 2016 to March 2023. The census method for selecting the study population was used. Demographic, population, parasitology, and epidemiology variables were investigated. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25. Analytical tests such as T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. A 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05 were considered. Results According to the results, from 2016 to March 2023 about 8389 cases of malaria were diagnosed by the health care system in the southeast of Iran. Most of these cases (77.4%) were reported in the southernmost region of Iran. َAlso, 78% of malaria cases occurred in individuals of Iranian nationality. An overwhelming majority of patients (94.7%) had no prior history of malaria infection. The highest occurrence of the disease was in men and this difference was significant (P = 0.001). Furthermore, 44.8% of the patients were border drivers. The occurrence of malaria cases in the region was relatively low between 2016 and 2018. However, it started to increase from 2019 onwards and reached the highest rate in 2022. The most of malaria cases during the last Iranian year were concentrated in the border cities of Rask and Saravan, which are adjacent to Pakistan. Additionally, 80% of the patients were infected with the Plasmodium vivax type of malaria parasite. Conclusion To effectively manage malaria in malaria-prone areas like Sistan-Baluchistan province, health decision-makers should focus on prompt treatment of malaria patients, prevention of mosquito circulation, raising awareness about malaria symptoms (especially among men working at borders), and monitoring the health of individuals who frequently travel to Pakistan.

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“…The development of an accurate, sensitive, and rapid method for the detection and identification of T. gondii is important for both the diagnosis and treatment of humans and animals (4,5). In recent years, efforts have been made to improve the ability to diagnose parasite infections in pregnant women and congenital infections in the fetus and newborn (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study on the Evaluation of Molecular and Immunological assay for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Women’s Abortion

Alkardhi¹,

Masmoudi²,

Muhammedand³

et al. 2022

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans. At its primary stages, this infection is usually asymptomatic in a pregnant woman; however, it has the potential to cause significant harm to the fetus, including miscarriage. The current study was investigated the utility of the PCR to confirm the etiology of the abortion. Therefore, a prospective study was conducted on 94 aborted women hospitalized at Al-Diwaniyah Maternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Iraq. To detect toxoplasmosis, a new internal primer for the nested PCR protocol was introduced. Of the 94 aborted women, 30 samples (31.9%) were positive by the nPCR and qPCR using the G529 repeat gene and B1 gene primers, respectively. The findings indicated that three women carried the parasite in their placentas, and at the same time, they did not carry antibodies in their blood. In conclusion, women should be aware of the risk of toxoplasmosis and the importance of preventing measures. In addition, PCR should be performed in the case of abortion to enhance sensitivity even if the serological test result is negative.

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Genetic resistance to human malaria

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana

Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana

Outbreak of malaria in southern Iran: How could manage this disease?

Epidemiological Study on the Evaluation of Molecular and Immunological assay for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Women’s Abortion

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