Care for the emotional needs of hospitalized children has had the attention of nursing professionals in Brazil, although not as a general rule. The chance to play is known as a relief from suffering, especially in childhood, which justifies the importance of this theme. This study had the objective of analyzing Brazilian nurses' academic production on the use of toys during the attention to children in hospitals in strictu sensu Graduate programs. Data were taken from Portal CAPES, CEPEn, IBICT and papers' references. Of the 15 theses/dissertations found in the literature only 14 are available; they were analyzed and comprise the corpus of this study. It was found that toys have been used mostly in pre and postsurgery, by Nursing professors, with preschool and school age children, parents and nurses. All of the works reinforce the positive results of toys' use. We recommend to pediatric nurses the use of toys in all institutions where children need care. KEY WORDS
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conteúdo das teses e dissertações de enfermeiros brasileiros sobre a utilização do brinquedo no hospital. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado por meio de uma busca no Portal Capes, Cepen, Ibict e consulta às referências dos trabalhos, que foram analisados qualitativamente. Os objetivos mais freqüentemente encontrados referem-se à vivência da criança durante a hospitalização, ao significado e importância do brinquedo e dificuldades para sua implantação. O brinquedo foi utilizado com maior freqüência no pré e pós-operatório. A análise dos resultados obtidos nos trabalhos pautou-se nos efeitos do brinquedo sobre as crianças. Ficou evidente que, para os enfermeiros, o brinquedo é ferramenta indispensável no cuidado à criança. Portanto, recomenda-se que a prática do brinquedo / brinquedo terapêutico seja utilizada no plano de assistência de enfermagem pediátrica.
This qualitative study aimed to analyze the knowledge and educational practices of nurses in the Family Health Units, in Santarém-PA, North of Brazil, and their utilization of health education tools within the labour process. We conducted semi-structured interviews and observation of educational activities of 15 nurses. From the content analysis, the following themes emerged: conceptions of health education; educational practices within the work process; and a trend to the Popular Education theoretical framework. Despite most of the nurses were Family Health specialists, they mentioned a gap in their professional education in terms of theoretical knowledge about health education. The traditional models were predominant in the conceptions and practices. The labour process is strongly based on Ministry of Health's programs. It was possible to recognize a discrete trend to Popular Education, with attempts to a reorientation of their educational practices, establishing partnerships with other care providers and community leaderships.
Analisando criticamente a formação de auxiliares e técnicas de enfermagem no Brasil Nursing aides in Brazil-an analisis of personnel resources training Analizando criticamente la formación de auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería en Brasil
Objective: to analyze the work process of the pediatric nurse, focusing on the hospitalized child. Methods: this is a qualitative research with 17 nurses of a university public hospital, performed by semi-structured interview and participant observation. The analysis of the data content was based on the referential of the work process in health. Results: the actions of the pediatric nurse indicate that their work is far from the planning of integral and humanized care for the children. It is developed from the biomedical model, predominating technical activities, subordinated to the medical work. The systematization of nursing care is incomplete, and humanizing strategies are rarely used. Conclusion: the work process of the pediatric nurse incorporates little strategies that involve children and parents in the treatment. The nurse is not clear about the complexity of her work object, the hospitalized child, to plan comprehensive actions in their entirety. Descriptors: Pediatric Nursing; Professional Practice; Child, Hospitalized; Working Conditions.Objetivo: analisar o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro pediatra, com foco na criança hospitalizada. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa com 17 enfermeiros de hospital público universitário, realizada por entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante. A análise do conteúdo dos dados foi fundamentada no referencial do processo de trabalho em saúde. Resultados: as ações do enfermeiro pediatra apontam que o seu trabalho está distante do planejamento de um cuidado integral e humanizado para as crianças. Desenvolve-se a partir do modelo biomédico, predominando atividades técnicas, subordinadas ao trabalho médico. A Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem é incompleta e raramente utilizam-se estratégias humanizadoras. Conclusão: o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro pediatra pouco incorpora estratégias que envolvam crianças e pais no tratamento. O enfermeiro não tem clareza da complexidade do seu objeto de trabalho, a criança hospitalizada, para planejar ações abrangentes à sua integralidade.
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