The periodontal ligament cell sheet has a potential to regenerate periodontal tissue and may become a novel regenerative therapy.

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FM-SRP resulted in clinical and microbiological improvement 6 weeks post-treatment, but produced a moderate systemic acute-phase response including elevated inflammatory mediators 1 day post-treatment.

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The combined use of rhFGF-2 and gelatin/β-TCP sponge promotes ridge augmentation in canine saddle-type bone defects.

Object The authors describe the use of distraction devices and surgical techniques of distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of patients with craniosynostosis. Methods Since 1994, the authors have performed distraction procedures in 23 patients with craniosynostosis in whom osteogenesis was achieved. Thirteen of the 23 patients underwent a complete Le Fort III midface osteotomy and distraction. In 10 patients the distraction osteogenesis involved the cranial bone; six underwent combined forehead and midface distraction (Le Fort IV distraction) in which multiple internal devices were used after performing a Le Fort IV osteotomy. An external distraction procedure was used to treat the first two cases. Since 1996, the authors have used internal devices developed in their unit. Distraction was initiated 1 week after the osteotomy at the rate of 0.5 mm per day for the cranium and 1.0 mm per day for the midface. The consolidation phase after distraction was initiated was 2 to 3 months. No major complications such as intracranial infection or neurological deficits were observed during the course of distraction osteogenesis. The osteogenesis generated at the distraction site was considerably satisfactory; and recurrence of the deformity in the follow-up period was minimal. Conclusions Distraction osteogenesis for craniofacial deformity has numerous advantages: 1) bone grafting is unnecessary; 2) the procedure is less invasive, has short operating time, and less blood loss occurs than in conventional craniofacial procedures; 3) no intracranial dead space is created; 4) there is a good amount of blood flow to the bone segment; and 5) soft-tissue expansion occurs. The authors believe that distraction osteogenesis is a versatile and stable option for the treatment of patients with craniosynostosis.

We reported the efficacy of soft silicone multilayered foam dressings in preventing intraoperatively acquired pressure injuries (IAPIs) in the prone position using a Relton‐Hall frame (BOSS trial). The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence and extract the risk factors for IAPIs in cases in which polyurethane film dressing was used against IAPIs before the BOSS trial period. This study conducted as a retrospective dual‐center cohort study between August 2014 and Jun 2015 using the medical records in the operating room. The incidence of IAPIs that developed within 24 hours after surgery was 7.1% (7/99). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) (P = .0016, odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08‐1.4) and length of surgery (P < .0001, OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.86‐3.51) were independently associated with the development of IAPIs. Since high BMI was not extracted in BOSS trial, we conclude that the application of soft silicone multilayer foam dressings is important for preventing the development of IAPIs in patients with high BMI values.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 has been shown to promote bone formation because of its osteoinductive property. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rhBMP-2 delivered on a poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer/gelatin sponge (PGS) in vertical alveolar ridge augmentation on height-reduced edentulous mandible to verify the retention of rhBMP-2 withstanding the pressure of soft tissues. Coronal defects of the alveolar bone were created in six adult beagle dogs. After a healing period of 9 weeks, PGSs with or without rhBMP-2 (0 or 0.4 mg mL(-1)) were implanted on the defects(6 mm in height, 30 mm in length, 8 mm in width). Sixteen weeks after implantation, the bone mineral content (BMC) and the total bone area were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The BMC and the total bone area of the defect sites with rhBMP-2 group were significantly greater (133+/-33 mg mm(-1), 277+/-54 mm2, respectively) than those of the control group (80+/-19 mg mm(-1), 155+/-49 mm2, respectively) (P<0.01, P<0.0001, respectively; paired t-test). From the histological analyses, the height of newly formed bone in the experimental group was greater than that of the control group (4.3+/-0.9 mm, 0.22+/-0.28 mm, P<0.0001, n=6, paired t-test). These results indicate that PGS has characteristics of effective bone graft substitutes for implantation of rhBMP-2 on vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in huge defect of mandibles in dogs.