This research addresses the issue of the judicialization of social relations and the debate on the decriminalization of abortion based on the decision drawn up by Justice Barroso, at the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court, in habeas corpus 124.306 / RJ, compared to the leading case Roe v. Wade of the United States Supreme Court. It aims to study the main intersections between the arguments adopted in the famous decision in Roe v. Wade, and those developed at Justice Barroso’s opinion, in the aforementioned habeas corpus, in which our constitutional court recognized, although for different reasons, the same right affirmed in the paradigmatic case. This is a qualitative research, carried out through a deductive method and a bibliographic and documentary technical procedure. Thus, the first notes expose the main arguments of the case Roe v. Wade of the United States Supreme Court. Next, we speculated on fundamental rights and constitutional principles mentioned by the decision drawn up by Justice Barroso in the Habeas Corpus. Finally, we seek to understand the role of constitutional courts in the face of the provocations imposed on them by social changes, issues that, a priori, would be the responsibility of other branches of the government, such as the legislative and the executive. For the interpretation of judicial decisions, we adopted the content analysis procedure, identifying the central arguments of each of the considered decisions, for later comparison, in order to reconstruct their rationality and identifying whether and in what sense they corroborate the general hypotheses about the institutional and material transformations in the democratic regime
Trata-se de um ensaio teórico em teoria antropológica a respeito da questão da diversidade cultural, a partir da perspectiva evolucionista. Inicialmente, toma-se como referência as contribuições de Morgan, além de insights de Tylor e Frazer. Em seguida, abordam-se algumas ressalvas críticas à perspectiva evolucionista defendidas pela antropologia cultural, a partir de Franz Boas e Ruth Benedict. Finalmente, conclui-se com uma reflexão sobre o imperativo de se preservar a diversidade das culturas, a partir de insights de Lévi-Strauss.
This article discusses the “judicial marxism”, which was characterized by the actuation of judges who have learned their ideology among student movements and labor unions. Brazilian Labor Justice was created in the 40s, but the true Labor Law charismatic founders were the hyper politicized generation of labor judges, stood out in the 80s and the 90s, when Marxist labor judges held their position, in the field, against the traditional view of a neutral and impartial judge in the Montesquieu style. It’s known that judges who are politically oriented to Marxism produce “garantist” discourses (in Ferrajoli´s sense) when they utter a speech in legal terms (in their opinions), referring to the fundamental labor rights doctrine – which is based on the concept of dignity of work. However, sometimes “labor garantism” and “Marxism” don’t coincide in attitudes of the same labor judges because it’s not necessary that garantist judges have both the humanistic education and the political initiation in their backgrounds. The truth is that Marxism and garantism can live together, once we recognize that the prior is a political and philosophical doctrine, effective only in the political field, but never into the legal field, while the later is a major philosophical theory especially applied to law issues. By the 2000s, elder Marxist judges were challenged by a younger generation of hyper technicist magistrates formed at the benches of the career preparatory courses. By asserting the autonomy of the juridical discourse, rather than the political ideology, these legal positivist judges (in Kelsen´s sense), so called “professional jurists”, partially delegitimized the judicial activism, particularly relevant in Brazilian Labor Courts. Nowadays, Judicial Marxism faces a crisis, losing space to pure garantist and legal positivist judges, although it still holds a formidable aura of legitimacy because it’s the only labor law tradition that deeply justifies the “protective principle”, by assuming the class struggle theory as a main postulate.
RESUMO O artigo apresenta e analisa as informações resultantes da sistematização de uma parcela da realidade profissional dos graduandos em odontologia em suas relações com o mercado de trabalho na região de Santa Maria. Objetiva-se compreender os fatores que influem na formação e no labor dos odontólogos nas empresas de odontologia e que matizes jurídicos e sociais preponderam. A sociologia compreensiva weberiana e a sociologia marxista são eladas ao mercado do trabalho. Com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa em dados primários e secundários (jurisprudenciais), a pesquisa é empírica exploratória/explicativa envolta pelo método indutivo. As normas trabalhistas unem as categorias da relação de trabalho, emprego e informalidade. Concluiu-se que os odontólogos almejam relações de trabalho aptas a preservar a autonomia profissional e a produção de renda que se eleva a partir da policontratualidade.
Judicialização e "ideologia de gênero" 1 : a proibição dos estudos de gênero nas escolas e a ação cabível Judicialization and "gender ideology": the prohibition of gender studies in schools and the appropriate lawsuit
O processo escravocrata, apesar de findado há muitos anos, deixou marcas que repercutem em diversos campos da vida humana, sobretudo o da educação, o qual este trabalho propõe-se a discutir. Apesar desse histórico excludente, a adesão de ações afirmativas de cotas raciais para o acesso à educação brasileira é um caminho válido, tendo sua constitucionalidade confirmada pela improcedência da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 186/DF - ADPF 186, julgada no ano de 2012. A oportunidade do acesso educacional é um direito social assegurado pela Constituição Federal que visa a transformação do status quo, por isso, refletir sobre as concepções meritocráticas que permitem uma perpetuação das desigualdades, também faz parte dos objetivos dessa pesquisa.
Evo Morales e a mitologia andina: uma interpretação a partir da discussão de Lévi-Strauss e Sahlins sobre história e mito Evo Morales and the andean mythology: an interpretation based on the discussion by Lévi-Strauss and Sahlins on history and myth
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