The majority of ocular trauma in our population was due to assaultive injuries occurring mainly in males. Open globe injuries were more common than closed globe injuries, and globe lacerations were more common than ruptured globes. Open globe injuries, especially ruptured globes, had the worst visual outcomes. The initial visual acuity correlated well with the final visual acuity. Immediate and comprehensive medical care is mandatory for ocular trauma patients. Educating the public is essential if we wish to prevent eye injuries.

Although ILM peeling prevented ERM, it resulted in poorer visual outcome in these uncomplicated RRD cases, and might be better reserved only for complicated cases.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients ≧18 years at the Cairo University and Sixth of October University hospitals. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey among known diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics. Patients were randomly selected to complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire and a medical assessment. All patients had a dilated fundus examination for evidence of DR using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Results: A sample of 1,325 patients was selected with a mean age of 49 years (SD ±12.9). DR was found in 20.5% of patients. Most patients (82%) were not aware of the hazards of diabetes mellitus for the eyes. The prevalence of DR was statistically significantly higher in females (22 vs.17%, p < 0.05), with longer diabetes disease duration (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001) and absence of hypertension control (p < 0.001), especially proliferative DR. Increasing age and poor glycemic control were associated with a nonsignificant increase in the rate of DR (p = 0.340 and p = 0.444, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of DR in our study population is 20.5%. Regular screening is highly recommended for early detection of DR where timely laser photocoagulation is known to reduce the risk of visual loss in these patients.

Intravitreal infliximab appeared to be safe and effective in treating uveitis in Behcet's disease and should be considered as an alternative to systemic therapies.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a major cause of blindness in adults but is uncommon in children, ranging from 3% to 12% of all patients suffering from RRD. 1-6 Although the incidence of RRD in children is quite low, this entity merits scrutiny for at least 2 reasons: the high rate of vision-threatening pathology in the fellow eye and the considerable financial and emotional investment incurred when the decision is made to attempt to repair such eyes.The etiologic factors, clinical features, surgical outcomes, and prognosis of pediatric RRD differ from those of adults and the repair of these cases poses a formidable challenge to the vitreoretinal surgeon. 6-13 Unlike adults with RRD, children more often present with macula-involving RRD, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and a longstanding retinal detachment which may be because of late diagnosis and referral. In addition, they often have underlying predisposing conditions with a high frequency of ocular lesions in the fellow eyes. Many of these factors may have an impact on the visual outcome and are important to consider when discussing the prognosis with the patient and/or family.The anatomic success of RRD surgery in pediatric patients is lower than that in adult. 6,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Several large series of RRD in pediatric patients were compiled before the availability of modern vitrectomy techniques. [1][2][3][4][15][16][17][18][19][20] Technical advances and a greater understanding of retinal anatomy and pathology have expanded our repertoire of vitreoretinal www.internat-ophthalmology.com | 147

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Purpose. To review the epidemiology of serious pediatric ocular trauma presenting to Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University. Methods. Children with serious ocular trauma during a six-month period were examined and their data was analyzed. Results. Eighty eyes of 75 patients were included in this study, with 64% males (P < 0.001) and average age of 5 years (5 months–15 years). There were 67 (83.75%) open globe injuries, 11 (13.75%) closed globe injuries, and 2 (2.5%) chemical injuries. Of the open globe injuries, 24 (30%) were ruptured globes and 43 (53.75%) were lacerations (31 penetrating injuries (38.75%), 6 IOFBs (7.5%), and 6 perforating injuries (7.5%)). Of the closed globe injuries, 3 had hyphema (3.75%), 5 had traumatic cataracts (6.25%), and 3 had vitreous hemorrhage with retinal detachment (3.75%). Forty-two patients (56%) presented within 24 hours, 28 patients (37.33%) presented between 24 hours and 1 week, and 5 patients (6.6%) presented after one week from the time of trauma. Seven eyes developed posttraumatic endophthalmitis (10% of open globe injuries). On leaving the hospital, 55 (68.75%) eyes had poor vision, 13 (16.25%) had moderate vision, and 12 (15%) had good vision. Conclusion. Children at a higher risk of trauma are males, >5 years, unsupervised, and involved in street activities. Immediate comprehensive primary management and secondary rehabilitation are mandatory in these cases.

Both drugs provided effective best corrected visual acuity improvements and central subfield thickness reductions that showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.