<p class="1Body">Anaemia is a serious public health problem especially in developing countries as Benin. <em>Cocos nucifera</em> is one of medicinal plants used in Benin to treat anemia. This study aimed to test its therapeutic efficacy in anemia treatment. <strong>Method:</strong> Five groups of five <em>Wistar</em> rats each were formed. The rats of four groups were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine (hemolysis) in the first two days D0 and D1. From the second to the fifteenth day (D2 to D15), anemic groups were gavaged either by the aqueous extract of <em>Cocos nucifera</em> at 200 or 300 mg / kg body weight/day, or by vitafer, a reference drug against anemia. The last anemic group was not treated. The group of non-anemic rats served as a control. Blood samples were collected for all rats on days D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to assess blood count and osmotic resistance of red blood cells. <strong>Results:</strong> The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanes, steroids, quinone derivatives, reducing compounds and mucilage. The extract like the vitafer corrected completely anemia before two weeks by stimulating hemoglobin synthesis, production and early release of immature red cells in the blood stream. Its effect was dose dependent, quite specific and did not affect platelet lineage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>Cocos nucifera</em> has a good therapeutic efficacy and may be considered for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) after study of its biological tolerance and appropriate clinical trials.</p>
Les légumes-feuilles constituent d'excellents apports pour la diversification de l'alimentation humaine. La présente étude a permis d'identifier les légumes-feuilles à propriétés anti-diarrhéiques consommés à Cotonou et Abomey-Calavi (Sud-Bénin). A l'aide d'enquêtes basées sur la méthode d'Interview Semi-Structurée, il a été recensé vingt-sept (27) espèces de légumes feuilles regroupées en vingt-trois genres (23) et appartenant à dix-sept (17) familles botaniques. Les familles les plus représentées, en termes d'espèce, sont les Amaranthaceae et les Lamiaceae. Les espèces les plus consommées pour le traitement des infections diarrhéiques sont : Ocimum gratissimum L. (29,05%), Vernonia amygdalina Delile. (16,80%), Crateva adansonii DC. ssp adansonii (13,49%) et Sesamum radiatum L. (11,41%). Ces légumes-feuilles sont préparés à l'état frais ou séchés (poudres) puis consommés comme légume d'accompagnement (sauce) ou utilisés comme tisane. Ces résultats constituent la base d'études ultérieures visant à évaluer expérimentalement les potentialités antibactériennes et anti-diarrhéiques de ces légumes-feuilles. Cela permettra de mettre à la disposition des populations, des Médicaments Traditionnels Améliorés.
Vegetables are very important sources of protein and minerals. Some of them even have medicinal properties recognized traditionally. Despite the large number of studies carried out on various vegetables and vegetable crops, very few have scientifically explored the usefulness of S. macrocarpon. This study identified the main groups of chemicals and mineral elements to explain any medicinal or nutritional value. It has also identified some toxic elements contained in this vegetable. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaves and fruits of S. macrocarpon. Some mineral elements were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) while protein, phosphorous, iron, copper, zinc and toxic metals (lead, cadmium) were determined by Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometry. Fat, ash, moisture and vitamins were sought. The study showed that the leaves of S. macrocarpon were more nutritious than fruits (P < 0.05). The high protein content of the leaves and fruit suggests an interesting nutritive property. The presence of chemical groups and toxic elements (lead, cadmium) in S. macrocarpon require that the consumption of vegetables should be as varied as possible and that the fruit may be consumed with caution. In addition, constraints about vegetable cultivation in Cotonou could lead to research findings that could help provide techniques for producing healthy vegetables.Vitamins A and K1 were found in both parts of this vegetable very rich in water while vitamin E has not been detected. S. macrocarpon also contains lipids at various levels.
RÉSUMÉLa précarité des systèmes d'élevage avicole en Afrique de l'Ouest peut favoriser l'introduction de germes pathogènes dans les élevages. Or, les fumiers de volaille sont très utilisés dans le maraîchage au Bénin. Par conséquent, le transfert de germes des fumiers vers les produits maraîchers est à craindre. L'objectif de cette étude était d'explorer les pratiques d'élevage avicole dans le département de l'Atlantique (Sud-Bénin). Au total, 78 fermes avicoles ont été visitées. Un questionnaire a été administré aux producteurs. La plupart d'entre eux (82,1%) ont rapporté qu'ils se lavent toujours les mains avant d'entrer dans les poulaillers. Sur les fermes disposant de pédiluves, 15,4% des producteurs ont avoué ne pas toujours y passer avant d'accéder aux poulaillers. Un seul producteur a rapporté qu'il ne fait pas la décontamination terminale des bâtiments. L'analyse du fumier prélevé sur l'une des fermes a révélé la présence de quantités très élevées de germes aérobies mésophiles d'Escherichia coli, de Clostridium perfringens et de coliformes thermotolérants. Ces résultats microbiologiques montrent que les pratiques d'hygiène en aviculture sont encore peu satisfaisantes au Bénin. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Élevage avicole, bonnes pratiques, risques microbiologiques, hygiène. Poultry farming practices in South-Benin (West Africa) and impacts on the manures hygiene ABSTRACTIn general, the poultry farming systems in West Africa are less sophisticated. These systems can be sources of carrying out of pathogens to the farms. But, in Benin Republic, poultry manures are widely used in market gardening. So, the transfer of pathogens from manures to vegetables is worrisome. This research aimed M. A. BOKO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(6): 2740-2753, 2015 2741 at investigating the poultry farming practices in the Atlantic division (South-Benin). In total, 78 poultry farms were visited. A questionnaire was handed out to the producers. Most of them (82.1%) reported that they always wash their hands before entering poultry houses. On the farms where footbaths were present, 15.4% of producers declared that they do not always pass through it before entering poultry houses. Only one producer reported that he does not do the final decontamination of the houses. Analysis of the manure taken from one of the farms showed very high amounts of aerobic mesophile bacteria, of Escherichia coli, of Clostridium perfringens and thermotolerant coliforms. These microbiological results show that satisfying hygiene practices in poultry farming are still lacking in Benin.
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