Addressing the problems of philosophical hermeneutics is determined by the need to reconstruct the theme of love in Russian culture in the first half of the XIX century. Russian romantics in their comprehension of love focused their attention on the spiritual component. For European romanticism, sensual love acquired a sacred meaning. Moreover, the understanding and interpretation of love by German romantic authors gradually turned into gender equality issues, women's emancipation and liberation. F. Schlegel believed there was no difference between a man's and a woman's mission. Each epoch leaves its imprint and offers specific meanings for further generations to understand and interpret. Love is always a driving force for human activity and socialization. This is why our contemporaries should be able to analyze Romantic literature and philosophy which gave birth to the philosophy of love reflecting the cultural specifics and national identity.
The article examines some special aspects of the centralized Russian state formation as the part of the Pan -European process of the early modern state formation. The researchers focus on the problem of the Tsar's discourse as on the problem of the total claims the true Orthodox monarch should comply with. The Orthodox Church took the active part in the formation of this "discourse", and the compliance with the requirements of it guaranteed to the top authority loyalty of its people and readiness to carry out its requirements. The Church gave Grand Dukes the powerful tool when applying secular practices of legitimation.
Статья посвящена художественной рефлексии А.А. Фета в контексте творческого взаимодействия поэта с романтической традицией своей эпохой. Авторы исследуют проблему литературно-философской рефлексии и анализируют специфику фетовского поэтического феномена. С опорой на сравнительно-исторический принцип познания, а также философско-антропологический и философско-культурологический подходы проанализирована динамика критических оценок и откликов современных поэту критиков, рассматривавших поэзию А. Фета. Сделан вывод о необходимости преодоления неоправданного исследовательского равнодушия к творческому наследию А. Фета и важности исследовательских стремлений, направленных на осмысление своеобразия его поэзии.
The authors of this article consider the development of the political, administrative and law spheres of the early modern Russian state against the backdrop of similar processes taking place in the neighboring states of Europe at this time. Analyzing the administrative and legal practices inherent in European states and in Russia of the late middle ages -early new age, the authors come to the conclusion that the notion of Muscovia, formed as a despotic state based on the absolute power of the Moscow tsars and the lack of rights of their subjects, is based on the subjective impressions of foreign observers. The latter, getting into the "closed" Moscow society, failed to understand the peculiarities of the Russian state power mechanisms functioning and their legal basis, based on traditions not recorded in written law. Having perceived the official Moscow political declarations as the real legal foundation, on which the early Russian state was built, foreign observers did not notice the everyday life behind this front façade, which had little in common with the officially proclaimed doctrine. The reality was to build a thin balance of interests between the supreme power and local government, based on the observance of "old traditions" by both sides. In this regard, the Russian state of the late middle ages -early new age can be considered a legal one, if we understand by "a law" not only the written law, but also the customary one.
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