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Understanding the physicochemical origin of functional materials generally requires multifaceted information on their material characteristics, which are investigated by various analytical methods. In this respect, a simultaneous multiprobe approach to studying materials by complementary methods is of great value, particularly following dynamically varying processes, such as chemical and structural transformations under reactive environments. Herein, we report facile and versatile approaches to combining synchrotron X-ray absorption spectro- [a] 1848 the mobile IR spectrometer system (Arcoptix S. A., OEM model) allows flexible positioning and sensitive signal detection.

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Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (ACNT) arrays synthesized on stainless steel plates were applied to a glucose (Glc) biofuel cell with glucose oxidase (GOx). The ACNT showed no direct electron transfer with GOx; however, large electrocatalytic current of 0.68 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V vs. silver-silver chloride saturated KCl was observed with a mediated electron transfer (MET) type electrode when p-benzoquinone was used as a mediator. An assembled single cell with the MET type anode and an oxygen reduction cathode by platinum showed an OCV of 0.57 V and a maximum power density of 100 μW cm−2.