A simple biofuel cell cathode with human red blood cells as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

High content of pyridinic- and pyrrolic-nitrogen-modified carbon nanotubes derived from blood biomass for the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium

“…Interestingly, the synthesis of these materials can be derived from several biological proteins, such as peptides [8], hemoglobin [9] and collagen [10]. In recent years, approaches have included the study of oxygen reduction reaction behavior in many nitrogen-doped electrocatalysts utilizing N-enriched amino acids as the N sources or metal macrocyclic complexes contained inside hemin biomaterials as effective precursors [11][12][13][14][15]. Although they have superior ORR performance, their stability still can't meet the requirements for practical application in renewable energy.…”

In Situ Engineering of Intracellular Hemoglobin for Implantable High‐Performance Biofuel Cells

“…Red blood cells (RBCs), which make up nearly 40-45 % of blood volume,are responsible for oxygen transport to each body tissue.The hemoglobin (Hb) in RBCs consists of two aand two b-globins encapsulated by ap hospholipid bilayer membrane,e ach of which has as ingle heme unit as ap rosthetic group.H bi st he iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein, which brings oxygen from the lungs or gills to the rest of the body.O wing to this unique function, RBCs are widely employed in electronic systems,s uch as biosensors,b iological monitoring systems, [21] and bioelectrocatalysts. [22] We demonstrate herein the construction of nanoengineered red blood cells (NERBCs) by using the intracellular bonds between the exogenous Ca 2+ and PO 4 3À to generate extremely small hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAP) particles in situ. Thegenerated NERBCs contain builtin HAP nanodots with as ize of approximately 3.1 nm that exhibit strong interaction with Hb owing to the anchored and secured nature of the HAP nanodots,w hich prevents the migration and unexpected accumulation of nanodots.M oreover, the overall morphology and biological properties of natural red blood cells,including membrane permeability and longevity,a re well preserved.…”

“…[18] Nanobioengineering, [19] which has already seen great success in the fields of medicine,agriculture,environment, and electronic systems offers ap otential opportunity to tackle these challenges.I n situ biomineralization [20] processes enable the generation of biological materials with special biological functions in vivo, thus offering ap romising approach to tune the biofunctionality of materials with good biocompatibility.Red blood cells (RBCs), which make up nearly 40-45 % of blood volume,are responsible for oxygen transport to each body tissue.The hemoglobin (Hb) in RBCs consists of two aand two b-globins encapsulated by ap hospholipid bilayer membrane,e ach of which has as ingle heme unit as ap rosthetic group.H bi st he iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein, which brings oxygen from the lungs or gills to the rest of the body.O wing to this unique function, RBCs are widely employed in electronic systems,s uch as biosensors,b iological monitoring systems, [21] and bioelectrocatalysts. [22] We demonstrate herein the construction of nanoengineered red blood cells (NERBCs) by using the intracellular bonds between the exogenous Ca 2+ and PO 4 3À to generate extremely small hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAP) particles in situ. Thegenerated NERBCs contain builtin HAP nanodots with as ize of approximately 3.1 nm that exhibit strong interaction with Hb owing to the anchored and secured nature of the HAP nanodots,w hich prevents the…”

In Situ Engineering of Intracellular Hemoglobin for Implantable High‐Performance Biofuel Cells

“…Such drawbacks drastically limit the practical application of EBFCs. [22] We demonstrate herein the construction of nanoengineered red blood cells (NERBCs) by using the intracellular bonds between the exogenous Ca 2+ and PO 4 3À to generate extremely small hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAP) particles in situ. [17] As is well-known, the biosafety of nanomaterials synthesized in vitro for long-term operation in the body,i no ther words,t he use of invasive, external, and foreign (relative to the nature of the cell) nanomaterials,i sc ontroversial, for many reasons,i ncluding their unexpected migration and accumulation.…”