Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) is a mushroom which is eaten in Chinese: and Japanese meals and is nowadays the second most commonly produced edible mushroom in the world Shiitake was first described by Nakamura in 1977. This disease presents with very characteristic skin nabufestations. From April 1974 to April 1991, I have observed 51 patients with shiitake dermatitis the following description reviews the clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations and sources of shiitake dermatitis.

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Wepreviously reported two novel pluramycingroup antibiotics, saptomycins D and E, isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. HP5301}. These compounds are effective against murine Meth A fibrosarcoma. Saptomycins D and E are deangolosaminyl pluramycin-group antibiotics, having the sugar A^,7V-dimethylvancosamine at the C-10 position as in ankinomycin2) (Fig. 1). Pluramycin A3), neopluramycin4), kidamycin5), hedamycin6), PD1212227), epoxykidamycin8) and rubiflavins9) possess another sugar, angolosamine, at C-8. The structures of pluramycin-group compounds were investigated in detail by several groups. The structure of kidamycin was determined on the basis of the X-ray analysis of triacetylmethoxykidamycin bis(methylammonium iodide) by Furukawa et al.10'1^. As a result of this analysis, the absolute configurations of the two sugars were determined to be 2R,3S,4R,6R

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an inherited mechanobullous disorder characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. The anchoring fibril protein, type VII collagen, is encoded by COL7A1, which harbors mutations in this group of diseases. In this study, we report novel glycine substitution mutations in COL7A1 in two Japanese families with DEB. The mutation detection strategy consisted of PCR amplification of genomic DNA, followed by heteroduplex analysis and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products demonstrating altered mobility. The first case is a patient with clinically severe recessive DEB. The proband was shown to have a homozygous glycine-to-valine substitution (G2671V) in exon 108. The clinically unaffected parents were heterozygous carriers of this mutation, indicating that this glycine substitution in one allele is "silent" when combined with a normal COL7A1 allele. Thus, this patient appeared to be affected with DEB inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The second case was a DEB patient with a heterozygous glycine-to-glutamic acid substitution (G2079E) in exon 75. The parents were clinically unaffected and neither had this mutation in their peripheral blood leukocyte DNA. Haplotype analyses suggested that this case arose as a de novo occurrence of autosomal dominant DEB. These cases illustrate the consequences of COL7A1 glycine substitution mutations underlying DEB in terms of the mode of inheritance and the phenotype, with profound implications for genetic counseling of individuals at risk for recurrence of DEB in subsequent offspring or future generations.

Research on the plutonium rock-like oxide (ROX) fuels and their once-through burning in light water reactors has been performed to establish an option for utilizing and disposing effectively the excess plutonium. The ROX fuel is a sort of the inert matrix fuels and consists of mineral-like compounds such as yttria stabilized zirconia, spinel and corundum. A particle-dispersed fuel was devised to reduce damage by heavy fission fragments. Some preliminary results on swelling, fractional gas release and microstructure change for five ROX fuels were obtained from the irradiation test and successive post-irradiation examinations. Inherent disadvantages of the Pu-ROX fuel cores could be improved by adding 238 U or 232 Th as resonant materials, and all improved cores showed a nearly the same characteristics as the conventional UO 2 core during transient conditions. The threshold enthalpy of the ROX fuel rod failure was found to be comparable to the fresh UO 2 rod by pulse-irradiation tests simulating reactivity initiated accident conditions.

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