No abstract

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication is receiving growing attention from industry and academia as multiple pilot projects explore its capabilities and feasibility. With about 50% of global road vehicle exports coming from the European Union (EU), and within the context of EU legislation around security and data protection, V2X initiatives must consider security and privacy aspects across the system stack, in addition to road safety. Contrary to this principle, our survey of relevant standards, research outputs, and EU pilot projects indicates otherwise; we identify multiple security and privacy related shortcomings and inconsistencies across the standards. We conduct a root cause analysis of the reasons and difficulties associated with these gaps, and categorize the identified security and privacy issues relative to these root causes. As a result, our comprehensive analysis sheds lights on a number of areas that require improvements in the standards, which are not explicitly identified in related work. Our analysis fills gaps left by other related surveys, which are focused on specific technical areas but not necessarily point out underlying root issues in standard specifications. We bring forward recommendations to address these gaps for the overall improvement of security and safety in vehicular communication.

In the past years, two communication technologies have emerged for Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, namely IEEE 802.11p-based and cellularbased solutions. However, V2X-related standards continue to evolve. For example, IETF has been working on V2X topics from an IP network and transport perspective. After completing the LTE-based V2X standard specifications, 3GPP continues with a 5G-based V2X solution. While IEEE 802.11pbased and cellular-based solutions appear to be two competing solutions, there have been proposals for a hybrid approach in which both technologies co-exist and are used at the same time in a different manner. However, this implies that there are two different security solutions with different architectures: this requires careful consideration to ensure co-existence and operation. This paper presents a survey of the recent developments in the area of V2X standardization with a focus on security aspects.

With the emerging wide range of sophisticated 5G services and vertical business models, the mobile communication extends to include vehicles, high-speed trains, drones and industrial robots. Mission-critical applications in vertical industries have stringent service performance requirements in terms of latency, availability and reliability. Low latency seen as a critical deciding factor over service performance in some of the vertical industries, e.g., manufacturing or vehicular communications, thus the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) is viewed as the enabling technology in the 5G system (5GS). This paper presents an overview of the 3GPP 5G system architectural and security enhancements to support URLLC services based on the recent standardization activities in 3GPP.