Standardization of femtocells in 3GPP2

Knisely, D.; Yoshizawa, Takahito; Favichia, F.

doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.5277459

Cited by 97 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Auto-configuration and power control adaptation techniques for femtocells in a co-channel environment were investigated in [19] by evaluating the handover and dropped call probabilities of macrocell users. Furthermore, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 3GPP2 have also examined femtocells issues in [20,21], including system architecture, interfaces and protocols, self-configuration and self-optimization.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coverage Self-Optimization for Randomly Deployed Femtocell Networks

Zhang

2015

Wireless Pers Commun

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There is an ever increasing demand on wireless communication systems for improved indoor coverage, greater capacity and enhanced user services. Energy efficient, small scale femtocell networks deployed in home, office and other indoor environments are one of the promising means of satisfying these demands. They can provide substantial benefits to both operators and users, such as a reduction in capital expenditures and operational expenditures, easy plug-and-play and optimized indoor coverage. Because of the random deployment behavior by the users, femtocell base stations (FBSs) should have cognitive position awareness, automatic parameter tuning and learning abilities. This will allow for self-optimization of the indoor coverage with the minimal interference to outdoor users. This paper first proves that the optimal coverage radii for FBS exist in typical indoor environments with position awareness enabled technology. Then, a dynamic power allocation technique for FBS is designed and analyzed in this paper by considering the path loss and different wall penetration conditions. To further enable the intelligent coverage self-optimization for randomly deployed indoor FBSs, a novel joint dynamic power allocation and antenna pattern selection scheme using the artificial neural network is proposed. Performance results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed coverage technique for randomly deployed femtocell networks.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where the path loss models of FBS and MBS are PL f (r ) = 38.5 + 20 log 10 r and PL m (d) = 28 + 35 log 10 d, respectively [18][19][20][21][22], D M F is the distance between the MBS and the FBS, m = Γ target − L w , and n = P f − P m − G(θ ).…”

Section: Coverage Self-optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage Self-Optimization for Randomly Deployed Femtocell Networks

Zhang

2015

Wireless Pers Commun

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“…These zones represent places, inside tunnels or indoor regions, where there is no signal or very poor signals. Femtocells' deployment is the best solution to extend the LTE coverage to include indoors [3][4][5]. They usually share the spectrum with the macrocells, in such a way that the subcarriers, utilized by the macrocells, can be reused in each femtocell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Design and Performance Analysis of LTE Cognitive Femtocells

Shalaby

Shokair

Messiha

2015

Wireless Pers Commun

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Femtocells' deployment can extend the LTE coverage to include indoor areas. Unfortunately, a mutual electromagnetic interference can occur among the macro cells and femtocells due to the co-channel deployment. Moreover, interference among the femtocells themselves can occur due to utilizing the same subcarriers. The two types of interference can degrade the system performance. Femtocells base station power control can reduce the interference, which affects the macro users at the expense of a drop in the femto users' geometry and throughput. A cognitive radio is proposed, as a novel approach, to completely eliminate the mutual interference among the macrocells and femtocells. The system is designed, mathematically analyzed, and simulated considering that the femto users are secondary users for the macro users. Analytical and simulation results show that applying the cognitive radio, to improve the system performance, is better than applying power control algorithms. The interference, which occurs among the femtocells, can be eliminated by different techniques. These novel techniques, which can achieve a maximization of the femto users' geometry, are proposed and illustrated in details.

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“…Many wireless operators now depend on this emerging technology to provide the more ubiquitous coverage necessary for high-speed data and voice applications. Small-cell technology has rapidly evolved over the past few years from the research and standardization phase described in [3], [7], and [13]- [20] to commercial network deployments with several million installed units around the globe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Deployment of Residential Small Cells

Weitzen¹,

Li²,

Anderland³

et al. 2013

Proc. IEEE

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This paper describes the architectures of current and next-generation residential small-cell networks, and how these large networks are effectively provisioned and managed.ABSTRACT | In the last few years, small-cell technology has moved from the realm of academic research to large commercial networks with millions of deployed units. This paper discusses the challenges in deploying and maintaining a largescale residential small-cell network. The paper first discusses the need for residential small cells to provide ubiquitous coverage in homes located in poor coverage areas of the conventional macrocell, and then describes the architectures of current and next-generation residential small-cell networks, and how these large networks are effectively provisioned and managed. The paper is air interface agnostic and is based on the experience of the authors in commercial deployment of both UMTS and CDMA2000 femtocell networks.

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Standardization of femtocells in 3GPP2

Cited by 97 publications

References 1 publication

Coverage Self-Optimization for Randomly Deployed Femtocell Networks

Coverage Self-Optimization for Randomly Deployed Femtocell Networks

System Design and Performance Analysis of LTE Cognitive Femtocells

Large-Scale Deployment of Residential Small Cells

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