-Development of leaf spots resistant runner peanut cultivars is one of the major demands in

No abstract

The use of wild species in peanut breeding provides remarkable opportunities for introducing new traits to the peanut crop and it has increased in recent years. Here, we report the morphological and agronomic, including disease resistance, variation observed in 87 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) that were derived from the wild ancestors of peanut and the cultivar Runner IAC-886. These lines exhibited a wide range of variation for these traits, with transgressive segregation and novel phenotypes being observed in many lines. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for agronomic and resistance traits were detected. Six RILs with contrasting phenotypes for agronomic traits and moderate resistance to leaf spots were genotyped. All of the lines had, on average, 50% wild alleles, with at least one large wild segment and multiple interspersed alleles in all of the chromosomes. Genetic exchange between subgenomes was observed. On four lines, the top of Chr 05/15, which is tetrasomic AAAA in A. hypogaea, has been restored to its AABB state by the introgression of A. ipaënsis alleles. We identified lines with good agronomic traits while harboring genome composition and structure completely different from each other and from the cultivated peanut. The variation that is observed for the fruit type is also important for a better comprehension of the domestication process in peanut. This increase in genetic diversity has great potential benefits for the peanut breeding programs.

Goiás-GO RESUMO: As regiões produtoras de amendoim dispõem de características distintas em relação ao clima e tipo de solo. Por essa razão é necessário a utilização de cultivares que melhor se adaptam a cada condição. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as características agronômicas e produtividade dos diferentes cultivares, nas condições de Cerrado do Mato Grosso. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do

BRS 425 is a high-oleic runner peanut cultivar related to wild ancestral parents, partially resistant to early and late leaf spot and spotted wilt. It is large-seeded and contains 46% oil. BRS 425 is adapted to the main peanutproducing regions of Brazil.

Self-incompatibility in passionfruit was studied in families originated from crosses among plants that presented differences in reciprocal crosses. The three families, obtained by crossing S(3) plants, exhibited one incompatible group; no reciprocal differences were observed. The phenotype of the families was the same as the parent plants, S(3). These results suggest the presence of a gene ( G), gametophytic in its action, associated to the sporophytic gene S, modifying the incompatibility reaction in passionfruit. The reciprocal difference exhibited in the crosses among the parents could be explained as a matching between plants homozygous for S, but homozygous and heterozygous for G. Actually this would be a partially compatible cross, not detectable when the evaluation is done based on fruit set data. As the family originated from this kind of cross is homozygous for S and heterozygous for G, no reciprocal differences are expected, and the phenotype should be the same as the parental plants, as observed in the present work.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de amendoim: três cultivares e duas linhagens. O experimento foi desenvolvido área experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso – Campus São Vicente, Centro de Referência de Campo Verde, localizado no município de Campo Verde – MT, no ano agrícola 2019/20. Os tratamentos constam de cinco genótipos de amendoim rasteiro, três cultivares: BRS 421 OL, BRS 423 OL, BRS 425 OL e duas linhagens avançadas: 17-1253 OL e 18-1952 OL, desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento do Amendoim da Embrapa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por duas linhas de três metros de comprimento, espaçamento ente linhas de 0,90 m, intervalo entre parcelas de dois metros e parcela útil 5,4 m2. Foram avaliados severidade de mancha preta, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de vagens. Todas as cultivares apresentaram as menores notas de severidade de mancha preta. Os genótipos BRS 425 OL, BRS 421 OL, 17-1253 OL e BRS 423 OL foram os mais produtivos. Constata-se nesta safra resultados de adaptação agronômica das cultivares BRS 421 OL, BRS 423 OL e BRS 425 OL nas condições edafoclimáticas presentes durante o experimento.

BRS 421' and 'BRS 423' are high-oleic runner type peanut cultivars, adapted to the main peanut-producing areas in Brazil and partially resistant to spotted wilt. 'BRS 421' has a medium cycle and large seed size, while BRS '423' has a short cycle and regular runner seed size.