Thin films of tin doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Sn) with thickness 300 ± 30 nm prepared by spray pyrolysis method at substrate temperatures of 400°C. The structure, surface morphological and optical properties were studied, for Two weight ratios of doping (2 and 4) wt %. The results of X-Ray measurements showed that all deposit samples have a polycrystalline pattern with hexagonal wurtzite type structure. The films crystallites were oriented along (002) plane. The morphology measurements obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that there is a change in the surface texture by the increasing of tin weight ratios with the rate of porosity of the surface when treating with 4wt %. The measurement of Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed nano particles sized and the roughness of the surface decrease to increase deflection, while optical measurements showed a decrease The energy gap of the models that are expected in the undoped samples.

Thin films of transparent and conductive CdO and B1,3)w% doped cadmium oxide (CdO: B) (1 and 3) wt %, have been deposited using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP)) technique on glass substrate temperature of 300°C. Microstructural analysis indicates that X-ray diffraction study shows that the obtained films were polycrystalline. The preferred orientation was along the direction (200) and that the average crystallite size increases with the increasing B content. Morphological properties were studied, by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) which reveals that the grains have a similar column shape. UV-visible transmission spectroscopy reveal that the prepared thin films are transparent in the visible range, The value of the optical band gap obtained shows a slight increase in its values from 2.43 eV to 2.45 eV as B concentration increasing.

Various thin films of cadmium sulfide doped with different weight ratios (wt %) of indium (CdS: In), were prepared on glass substrates by Spray pyrolysis technique (SPT), The Microstructural, topography and optical characteristics were studied. Pure films and doped with In 1%. The results obtained revealed that the growth toward single crystalline hexagonal- cubic phases. The dominant reflection is in the direction (101) plane with a crystalline size 47.55 nm, which is calculated utilizing Scherrer equation. The increase in In to 3% tends the structure to be the poly crystalline with the existence of the prevalent reflection in the direction of (101) plane with a the crystal size of 53.89 nm. The topography measurements showed that the surfaces of the nanostructured are in the form of rods with a height of 1.99 nm and a diameter of 50-60 nm. The rod height decreased with the increasing in doping weight ratios, while the diameter of the rod increased. The optical measurements showed lower transmittance with the increasing of doping from T% 95 to T% 64. A decrease in the optical energy gap value was noticed.

ABSTRACT:Bismuth ferrite nano particles were prepared by sol-gel route using solutions of iron nitrateand bismuth nitrate. The produced powder was dried at 150ºC for 2 h and then calcined at various temperatures for 2 h as well.XRD was used tostudy the structure of BiFeO 3 Nanoparticles, it is found that the grain size were about 12.8, 39.9 and 47.6nmas calculated usingScherrer equation for samples calcined at 450˚C, 500 ºC and 550 ºC for 2 h respectively, this explain that grain size increase with increase in temperature and XRD too showed that besides the formation of single phase BiFeO 3 an impurity phase was also observed.From diagnosis of samples, we foundthat BiFeO 3 have rhombohedral structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface morphology study indicatedabetter homogeneity with fine grain morphology besides the formation of single phase BiFeO 3 an impurity phase. Less impurity phases was found in sample calcined at 450 ˚C. Atomic force microscope (AFM) declare that it hashomogenous particle distribution and coarseness of surface with change of particles to spherical form with dimension of 1.21nm, alsoGranularity Cumulation Distribution Report for same sample found that average diameter is equal to 45.31 nm. Finally the electrical properties resultsofBiFeO 3 such asthe dielectric constant , tangent loss and electrical resistivity and conductivitywere studied at different applied frequencies.

The effect of the substrate temperature of the deposition of copper oxide prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique was studied. The XRD measurements show that all the films are polycrystalline structure with predominant phase(-111). The crystallite size increase with increasing substrate temperature. The AFM images in 1-D and the 2-D shows that the CuO nanostructure were in the shape of curly sticks growing in a vertical column at an average height of 2.00 nm and an average radius of 40 - 50 nm. These nanostructures of the 3% sample gets higher up to 9.00 nm. The value of the optical energy gap was calculated through the UV-Vis spectrometer and found to decrease with increasing the substrate temperature from 1.93 eV to 1.68 eV. Transmittance values also decreased from 79.5% to 36%.