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The chemical modification of polypropylene (PP) fibers by graft copolymerization with vinylimidazole (VIm) and acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out using g-radiation. Preparation conditions, such as irradiation dose, comonomer concentration and composition and type of solvent, affecting the degree of grafting were investigated. The suitable diluent for obtaining reasonable graft VIm/ AN copolymer yield was acetone. The higher grafted yield was achieved by increasing the amount of vinylimidazole in comonomer feed solution as well as irradiation dose. The derivatives of PP-g-P(VIm/AN) grafted fibers of different functional groups were obtained by treating the grafted fibers with various organic reagents containing reactive amino groups, such as sulpha-drug compounds, aliphatic-and aromatic amines. Characterization of the obtained graft copolymers and their chemical treatments with different amines was also investigated. It was observed that the nitrile group in PP-g-P(VIm/AN) polymer undergoes simple addition reaction via nucleophilic interaction mechanism to produce the corresponding PPgraft-P(vinylimidazole/acrylomidine) derivatives. The ability of the grafted fibers and their treated forms to absorb some metal ions as Cd, Hg, and Pb from their individual and mixture solutions was evaluated.

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Low quality fruits of Saidy date (Semi-dry variety, high quality) were analyzed for their chemical composition, total phenolic and antioxidants content. The Saidy date fruits residue (DFR) obtained after juice separation was used in this study. The effect of drying methods (Hot air oven and microwave drying) on chemical composition, minerals, phenolics content and antioxidant activity of Saidy date fruits residue (DFR) was studied. Total carbohydrates was the major component of the DFR recorded 78.31, 75.88 and 75.53 % of the fresh, hot air oven and microwave dried (DFR) samples; respectively. The DFR had high contents of total dietary fibers (62.97, 65.57 and 64.90 %; respectively of the same samples, dwb). The insoluble dietary fibers had the highest values of the total dietary fibers recorded 48.86, 49.38 and 47.93%; respectively of the same samples. While, the soluble dietary fibers varied from 14.11 to 16.97%. The microwave dried (DFR) sample had the highest values of moisture, ash, crude protein, fat and fibers (4.40, 2.57, 3.87, 1.11 and 16.92% dwb; respectively) compared to the hot oven air dried samples. The total phenolics content was 1.92, 2.12 and 2.28% of the fresh, hot air oven and microwave dried (DFR) samples; respectively. Besides, the antioxidant activity (DPPH) was 55.13, 62.62 and 60.13 of the same samples; respectively. Potassium content was the predominate value followed by phosphorous, magnesium and calcium in the dried DFR samples. With regard to the effect of drying methods on the composition of DFR samples, there are no differences among them except the drying time. Dates fruit residue (DFR) it may be a good source of dietary fibers, total phenolic contents and natural antioxidants which will ultimately result in adding value to the date fruits residue of low quality dates.

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Acenaphthenequinone reacted with diazofluorene, diphenyldiazomethane, phenybenzoyldiazomethane, phenacyl chloride, o-nitrobenzyl chloride, and diazohydroindenedione to give new oxadiazole, ketoepoxide and dioxadiazepine derivatives. They reacted with triphenylphosphine and triethylphosphite to give new organophosphorus compounds containing a six-membered or four-membered phosphorane ring. The structures were elucidated using IR, UV, NMR, and mass spectra, and elemental analyses.Many earlier studies have been reported on the reactions of phenanthrenequinones with diazomethane. Arndt [1] found that it gave the monoethylene oxide derivative when the reaction was carried out using ether and a small amount of methanol. Reinvestigation of the same reaction [2], using dioxirane containing a small amount of methanol, gave monospiroepoxy ketone, and in tetrahydrofuran with a small amount of lithium chloride the product was the bis-epoxide, while in the presence of a large amount of methanol ring expansion took place.The reaction of some derivatives of diazomethane with phenanthrenequinone [2-4] gave a methylenedioxy derivative. The reaction of diphenyldiazomethane and di(p-chlorophenyl)diazomethane with phenanthrenequinone showed that the structures must be corrected to the ketoepoxide [5]. 3,6-Dibromo-9,10-phenanthrene reacted with diazoalkanes to give the corresponding ketoepoxide derivatives [6]. The o-methyl ether of isatin reacted with diazomethane to furnish a quinoline derivative as the major product, together with a spirooxirane derivative [7]. It has been reported [8] that p-chloroacetophenone reacted with diphenyldiazomethane and diazofluorene in benzene in the presence of copper bronze to give nitrogen-and halogen-free new compounds and p-chlorophenol. The reaction of diazomethane derivatives with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid in benzene gave α-ketoepoxides, cyclopropane, and methylenedioxy derivatives, accompanied