ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the fatal drowning burden and associated risk factors in Southern Bangladesh.SettingsThe survey was conducted in 39 subdistricts of all 6 districts of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.ParticipantsAll residents (for a minimum 6 months prior to survey) of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.Intervention/methodsA cross-sectional, divisionally representative household survey was conducted in all six districts of the Barisal division between September 2016 and February 2017, covering a population of 386 016. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with adult respondents using handheld electronic tablets. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-v. 10 (ICD-10) Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality codes for drowning, W65–W74, X36–X39, V90, V92, X71 or X92, were used as the operational definition of a drowning event.ResultsThe overall fatal drowning rate in Barisal was 37.9/100 000 population per year (95% CI 31.8 to 43.9). The highest fatal drowning rate was observed among children aged 1–4 years (262.2/100 000/year). Mortality rates among males (48.2/100 000/year) exceeded that for females (27.9/100 000/year). A higher rate of fatal drowning was found in rural (38.9/100 000/year) compared with urban areas (29.3/100 000/year). The results of the multivariable logistic regression identified that the factors significantly associated with fatal drowning were being male (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), aged 1–4 years (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.4) and residing in a household with four or more children (four or more children OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9; and five or more children OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7).ConclusionDrowning is a public health problem, especially for children, in the Barisal division of Southern Bangladesh. Male gender, children 1–4 years of age and residing in a household with four or more children were associated with increased risk of fatal drowning events. The Barisal division demands urgent interventions targeted at high-risk groups identified in the survey.

The results of a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal anthropometric survey of Sudanese children up to the age of sixteen years are reported. Weight velocity, height velocity, mid arm circumference velocity, and mid arm muscle circumference velocity, and the age at which 50% of females have reached menarche have been calculated. Growth velocities are lower than for English children and the puberty growth spurts occurs about one year later in Sudanese than in English children

Bangladesh experiences high infant and child mortality for many years, for which child injury appears to be one of the most important modes of mortality. We modelled "death due to injury" using a logistic regression to study the differentials of death due to accidental injuries fall, drowning, road accident, burn, poisoning, animal bite, cut according to different socioeconomic characteristics using Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey data. The analysis revealed that children in rural areas got injury and then died very frequently by different accidents, most of the children died from drowning, the death rate of children who were injured was highest at home and mother's education status was also an important factor for child injury and death. The uneducated mothers were not aware of the effect of injuries of their children that caused death. In most cases lack of adequate supervision carelessness turned out to be causes these accidental deaths.

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Background: Alzheimer's is a common neurodegenerative disease that predominantly affects the elderly. However, the leading causes for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are yet to be identified, and early detection and disease progression intervention are studied to help slow down its deterioration. Recognizing the possible threat of AD in individuals before neurodegenerative changes start to take effect may contribute to the discovery of preventive actions. This study aims to identify socio-demographic, lifestyle, and neuropsychological factors that may contribute to AD development. Results: This study performed the Pearson's chisquared test for categorical and one-way ANOVA for continuous variables to analyze the association of risk factors for developing AD from two separate cohorts. The patients in the first cohort have no record of the AD development period. In the second cohort, all the AD patients developed dementia within 36 months. Marital status, occupation, APOE4 genotype, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Functional Questionnaire Assessment score were significantly different between normal control and AD patients from both cohorts. The prediction models developed with either cohort showed high performance in ROC (receiver operating characteristic) measurements. Conclusion: This study investigated the effects of sociodemographic and neuropsychological risk factors in AD development from two different cohorts. The significant risk factors from both cohorts can contribute to developing an Alzheimer's risk app that can be potentially reliable and easily accessible.