Growth velocity in children in rural Khartoum, Sudan

Sukkar, M. Y.; Kemm, John; Ballal, M.A.; Ahmed, Tahera

doi:10.1080/03014468000004581

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We found that APHV was 8 months later in black males than in white males, while it was 3 months earlier in black females than in white females. A similar pattern has been described in Sudanese adolescents, with a delay of 1 year in APHV being observed in Sudanese males compared to their British peers living in the United Kingdom, but not in females (Sukkar, Kemm, Ballal, & Ahmed, 1980). Additionally, the delay in APHV in our cohort is corroborated by the finding in the same cohort of a 6‐month delay in skeletal maturity in black males compared to their white peers but not in females during puberty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Adolescent growth and BMI and their associations with early childhood growth in an urban South African cohort

Nyati

Pettifor

Ong

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives The timing and magnitude of adolescent growth may be influenced by ethnicity and early life factors. We aimed to (a) characterize ethnic differences in the magnitude, timing, and intensity of adolescent growth in height, weight, and BMI; (b) assess the effect of early childhood growth on adolescent growth in black children. Methods Data were from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort (Bt20+) in Johannesburg, South Africa (n = 3273). Height, weight, and BMI were modeled with ethnic comparisons using the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation for 2089 participants who had data from 7 to 23 years. Relative weight gain and relative linear growth between 0 and 24 months and 24 and 60 months were generated. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess associations between childhood and adolescent growth. Results White children were 5 cm (SE: 0.7) taller than black children through adolescence. Black boys had a later timing of adolescent height (0.65 years ±0.12) than white boys, which in black girls was 0.24 years (0.11) earlier than in white girls. Black girls had faster BMI velocity than white girls. Among black children, birth weight and both relative weight gain 0 to 24 and relative linear growth between 3 and 24 months and 24 and 60 months were positively associated with the magnitude of adolescent growth and negatively associated with timing. Conclusion Sex dimorphism in ethnic differences in timing of adolescent height growth may reflect some yet unexplained drivers for rapid weight gain and obesity in black females but not black males. Rapid weight gain in early life may contribute to faster adiposity accrual in adolescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Adolescent growth and BMI and their associations with early childhood growth in an urban South African cohort

Nyati

Pettifor

Ong

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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“…There are just a handful of longitudinal studies in the literature with data on velocity of growth rate in school-age children. When comparing the growth rate in normal Sudanese children to the Tanner standard, Sukkar et al (1980) found mean values for velocity, both in weight gain and in height, below the standard; the typical pubertal period of growth spurt happened a year later. When comparing these normal Sudanese children to the present N and S groups, values for velocity of growth rate were shown to be lower than the Sudanese children at baseline study, but similar at the end of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower resting metabolic rate and higher velocity of weight gain in a prospective study of stunted vs nonstunted girls living in the shantytowns of São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2005

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Objective: Previous studies have shown that stunting increases the risk of obesity in developing countries, particularly among girls and women, but the underlying reasons are not known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stunting, weight gain, and resting metabolic rate. Design and subjects: A prospective study was conducted over 36 months with girls from shantytowns in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 15 stunted girls (S) were compared with 15 nonstunted (N) ones of similar weight for height ratio. Interventions: Resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry, and the socioeconomic status was determined by interviews in the household. In addition, body composition was measured by skinfold thickness, while the growth rate was calculated dividing the change in weight and the change in height by the follow-up period. Results:The results of the present study, when combined, revealed that the S group had a lower resting metabolic rate throughout the follow-up period with the differences being significant at 24 and 36 months of follow-up, associated with an increase in the rate of weight gain and a decrease in lean mass, when compared to the N group. Conclusions: These changes are known to be risk factors for obesity and may help to explain the particularly higher prevalence of obesity in women in urban areas of developing countries.

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“…Following the recommendations of the WHO Working Group (WHO, 1986), there has been an upsurge of interest in the use of velocity measurements during infancy (Healy et al, 1988a;Piwoz et al, 1992). Several studies have examined growth velocity standards for children and teenagers in America (Buschang et al, 1986;Pomerance and Krall, 1985;Tanner and Davies, 1985), Australia (Williams et al, 1990), Europe (Holmquist, 1991;Kemper et al, 1985;Michaelsen et al, 1994;Tanner and Cameron, 1980;Voss et al, 1991), Middle East (Bhalla et al, 1986;Liu et al, 1998), and Africa (Healy et al, 1988a;Sukkar et al, 1980). Height and weight velocities predominate in these studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth velocity standards from longitudinally measured infants of age 0-2 years born in Shiraz, southern Iran

Ayatollahi

2005

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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This paper presents growth velocity data for a cohort of 317 infants (164 girls and 153 boys) born in Shiraz, southern Iran, in 1996 and followed longitudinally for 2 years. The growth velocity of five anthropometric measurements (height, weight, arm, head, and chest circumferences) declined rapidly from 2 weeks to 7 months of age and less steeply thereafter for both sexes. Growth velocities for boys were higher than girls in the first months but did not differ significantly later on. However, growth velocity centiles for girls lie below those for boys throughout the age range studied. Weight velocities in the Iranian infants were significantly lower than for corresponding infants in the U.K., the Middle East, and Africa, but height velocities were generally higher.

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Growth velocity in children in rural Khartoum, Sudan

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Adolescent growth and BMI and their associations with early childhood growth in an urban South African cohort

Adolescent growth and BMI and their associations with early childhood growth in an urban South African cohort

Lower resting metabolic rate and higher velocity of weight gain in a prospective study of stunted vs nonstunted girls living in the shantytowns of São Paulo, Brazil

Growth velocity standards from longitudinally measured infants of age 0-2 years born in Shiraz, southern Iran

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