Objectives: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension, and its associated factors among adult HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Butajira General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: We applied an institutional-based cross-sectional study design at Butajira General Hospital from 1 May to 1 July 2021. We used a systematic random sampling technique to select the total number of participants. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to collect the data (sociodemographic characteristics, clinical-related factors, and lifestyle-related factors from the study participants. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by statistical package for social science version 25. We applied a multivariable logistic regression analysis model to identify variables significantly associated with hypertension. Results: The study comprised 388 participants with 39 years (10.6 SD) as the mean age of the participants. Of the total participants, 235 (60.6%) were female. In this study the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients was 18.8% (95% CI: 14.7%–23.2%). Having comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.154, 12.99), habit of alcohol drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 2.909, 95% CI: 1.306, 6.481), duration of antiretroviral therapy ⩾ 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.087, 95% CI: 1.558, 6.115), and age ⩾ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.642, 95% CI: 1.450, 4.813) were factors significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusions and recommendations: The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Butajira General Hospital is high. The findings of this study implied that HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics should be monitored routinely for hypertension; especially participants aged ⩾40 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy duration ⩾5 years, having diabetes mellitus comorbidity need more attention. Primary healthcare integration is also vital to enhance the health of HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Background Malnutrition is very common in HIV-infected individuals. Even though data from different settings are necessary to tackle it, pieces of evidence are limited especially in the case of the nutritional status of HIV-infected children. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 HIV-positive children in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometry measurement. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bi-variable and multi-variable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with nutritional status and variables with p-values <0.05 in multi-variable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of wasting among HIV-positive children in Southern Ethiopiaselected Hospitals was 36.3% (95% CI, 31.6–41.0) while stunting on the same study population was 5.5% (95% CI, 3.4–7.8). Rural residence, lack of maternal education, low CD4 counts (< 500), using an unprotected water source, having a non-biological mother and recurrent oral lesion were significantly associated with wasting. Furthermore, history of hospital admission, recurrent oral lesion, low CD4 counts (< 500), advanced WHO clinical stage were statically associated with stunting with p-value < 0.05. Conclusion This study found that the prevalence of under-nutrition among HIV-positive children in Ethiopia was significantly high. Therefore, timely identification and monitoring of nutritional problems should be necessary to enhance the effectiveness of ART treatment and to prevent further related complications.

BackgroundWomen autonomy is ability of women to make self-regulating decision to meet their requirement without any one initiation. Women who can autonomously decide on their health utilized maternal health care is poor, even though a lot of effort has been made. Only less than 32% of developing countries women have decision making power to visit maternal health service.ObjectiveTo assess the women decision making autonomy in their maternal health service utilization and its associated factors among reproductive age group women in southern Ethiopia, from March1, 2019 to March 30, 2019.Methods and materialA cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical tests and binary logistic regression was used. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.25 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate model to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. For all statistical tests, a P value of < 0.05 was a cut off point for statistical significant.Resultsprevalence of women decision making autonomy in their maternal health service utilization was 58.2% [(AOR = 58.2% (95 %CI (54.2–62.0). Number of family size 2.2 [AOR (95% CI) = 2.2, 95% CI (1.3–3.72)], occupation, 4.3 [AOR (95% CI) = 4.3 95% CI (1.10–9.3)] economic status, 2.2[AOR (95% CI) = 2.2, 95% CI (1.3-.3.72)] respondent age above 35 4.8[AOR(95%CI = 4.8,95%CI(2.3–10)] were the factors significantly associated with decision making autonomy.Conclusionprevalence of women decision making autonomy in their maternal health service utilization was 58.2% which was found to be low. Decision making autonomy was more common with low income, large family size, respondent age and lack women occupation. Improved the women’s decision making by giving Health education on the importance of maternal health services and gender equality recommended to reducing the problem.

Background: Women autonomy is the ability of women to make self-regulating decisions to meet their requirements without any one initiation. Women who can autonomously decide about their health utilized maternal health care is poor, even though a lot of effort has been made. Only less than 32% of developing countries, women have decision making power to visit maternal health service. Objective: To assess the women’s decision making autonomy in their maternal health service utilization and its associated factors among reproductive age group women in southern Ethiopia, from March1, 2019 to March 30, 2019.Methods and material: A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical tests and binary logistic regression was used. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.25 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate models to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. For all statistical tests, a P value of <0.05 was a cut off point for statistical significant. Results: Prevalence of women decision making autonomy in their maternal health service utilization was 58.2% [(AOR= 58.2% (95 %CI (54.2 – 62.0). Number of family size 2.2 [AOR (95% CI) =2.2, 95% CI (1.3-3.72)], occupation, 4.3 [AOR (95% CI) =4.3 95% CI (1.10-9.3)] economic status, 2.2[AOR (95% CI) =2.2, 95% CI (1.3-.3.72)] respondent age above 35 4.8[AOR(95%CI=4.8,95%CI(2.3-10)] were the factors significantly associated with decision making autonomy. Conclusion: prevalence of women’s decision making autonomy in their maternal health service utilization was 58.2% which were found to be low. Decision making autonomy was more common with low income, large family size, respondent age and lack women occupation. Improved the women’s decision making by giving Health education on the importance of maternal health services and gender equality recommended to reduce the problem.

Introduction. Depression is the most common mental health problem in people living with the human immune virus. It ranges from 11% to 63% in low- and middle-income countries. Depression was high in people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries, especially in the Ethiopian context. Even though depression has negative consequences on HIV-positive patients, the care given for depression in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia is below the standard in their HIV care programs. Method. International databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Embase, and Scopus) and Ethiopian university repository online have been covered in this review. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using the Stata version 14 software program. We detected the heterogeneity between studies using the I 2 test. We checked publication bias using a funnel plot test. Results. The overall pooled depression prevalence among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was 36.3% (95% CI: 28.4%, 44.2%) based on the random effect analysis. Adult HIV/AIDS patients having CD4 count < 200 ( AOR = 5.1 ; 95% CI: 2.89, 8.99), widowed marital status ( AOR = 3.7 ; 95% CI: 2.394, 5.789), medication nonadherence ( AOR = 2.3 ; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.15), poor social support (2.986) (95% CI: 2.139, 4.169), perceived social stigma (2.938) (2.305, 3.743), opportunistic infections (3.010) (2.182, 4.151), and adverse drug reactions (4.013) (1.971, 8.167) were significantly associated with depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy, in Ethiopia. Conclusion and Recommendation. The pooled depression prevalence among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was higher than the general population and is alarming for the government to take special consideration for HIV-positive patients. Depression assessment for all HIV-positive patients and integrating with mental health should be incorporated to ensure early detection, prevention, and treatment. Community-based and longitudinal study designs mainly focusing on the incidence and determinants of depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients should be done in the future.

Background Considering the importance of client satisfaction in the quality of family planning services, a regular evaluation should be carried out. Several studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, but so far there were no pooled estimates of the prevalence of customer satisfaction with family planning services in the country. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was intended to estimate the pooled prevalence of client satisfaction with Ethiopian family planning services in Ethiopia. The findings of the review can be used to develop strategies and draft policies in the country. Methods and materials This review included articles published only in Ethiopia. The main databases were Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ethiopian University Repository Online, and Cochrane Library. Cross-sectional studies conducted in English and meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the review. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Data extraction and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and STATA version 14 software, respectively. Result The pooled prevalence of customer satisfaction with family planning services in Ethiopia was 56.78% [(95% CI (49.99, 63.56); I2 = 96.2%, p < 0.001]. Waiting time > 30 min [OR = 0.2, 95% CI (0.1–0.29), I2 = 75.0%, p < 0.001], privacy maintained [OR = 5.46, 95% CI (1.43–20.9), I2 = 95.8%, p < 0.001], education status [OR = 0.47], 95% CI (0.22–0.98), I2 = 87.4%, p < 0.001] was significant in client satisfaction related to family planning services. Conclusion According to this review, client satisfaction with family planning services in Ethiopia was 56.78%. In addition, waiting time, women's educational level, and respect for privacy were identified as factors that both positively and negatively impact women's satisfaction with family planning services. Decisive action, such as educational intervention, continued monitoring and evaluation of family planning services, and arranging training for providers, is required to address identified issues and ensure higher levels of family satisfaction and utilization. This finding is important for shaping strategic policies and improving the quality of family planning services. This finding is important for designing strategic policy and increasing the quality of family planning services.

Background: Intent to stay in nursing profession becomes a critical issue across a globe and lack of nurses represent problems of health care system in terms of cost, ability to care for patients and quality of care. Many nurses are departing from their profession. There is scarce data about the level and factors associated with intent to stay.Objective: To determine the level of intent to stay in nursing profession and associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals of Harari regional state and Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 nurses working in public hospitals, Harar and Dire Dawa Administration from March 1 to 30/2020. Participants were selected by simple random sampling methods. Interviewer guided pre-tested and structured self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were entered using EpiData Version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were used. The association between dependent and independent variables was determined using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Finally, the variables that have p-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Goodness of fit was tested by Hosmer Lemeshow statistic which was 0.254 and omnibus test, which was 0.00.Results: The results showed that level of Nurses’ intent to stay in the profession was 49.3% (95%CI: 46-55.9). Having dependent family members (AOR=1.908, 95%CI:1.142-3.188), overall job satisfaction (AOR=6.54, 95%CI, 2.774-15.41) and overall organizational commitment (AOR=0.301, 95%CI, 0.127-0.713) and normative commitment (AOR=3.617,95%CI, 1.879-6.963) were significantly associated with intent to stay.Conclusion: This study showed that the level of intent to stay was low among nurses. Having dependent family members, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and having a high normative commitment showed association with intent to stay. This kind of instability in nursing staffs might compromise the nursing service quality. Therefore, enhancing nurses’ job satisfaction, autonomy, professional opportunity, and organizational commitment are key for improving nurse’s intent to stay.

Background Children’s HIV-positive status disclosure is an essential component of chronic care & long-term disease management. The modalities of status disclosure are complex and vary across different communities. Although data from various settings are necessary to overcome this problem, evidence is limited, specifically in the in the study areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV-positive status disclosure and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods A mixed-method, facility-based study was conducted: among 203 caregivers with children in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. We used in-depth interviews for qualitative data in addition to structured questionnaires. Simple random sampling for quantitative and purposive sampling for qualitative parts was applied. We used Content or Thematic analysis for qualitative and Binary logistic regression for quantitative. Results All the caregivers were interviewed and majorities (84.7%) of them were female. One hundred twelve children (55.2%) were below 12 years of age. In this study, the overall prevalence of children with HIV-positive status disclosure was 46.8%. Being 12 or more years of age (AOR = 7.5, 95% CI: 2.9–15.6), duration on ART 72 or more months (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.7–6.7), death of the parent (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1- 3.8), and having follow up in the hospital (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–4.7) were associated with disclosure. Being an immature child was the commonest reason cited by caregivers for non-disclosure. Frequent questions by the child about why they are taking drugs, for better self-care, and treatment adherence were the commonest reason of caregivers for disclosing their children’s HIV-positive status. Conclusion In our study, children’s HIV-positive status disclosure was significantly low. This study identified different factors (Health facility, children, and caregivers-related factors) as the main reason for disclosing children’s HIV-positive status. Hence, health care workers should give special attention to children’s HIV-positive status disclosure, which helps to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevent further HIV transmission.