Full realization of genetic potential of productivity of livestock in the conditions of industrial technologies is impossible without using in its diets of various biologically active additives providing increase in productivity and standardization of indicators of homeostasis. The research has been conducted in “Breeding Farm Taezhny” Ltd, Sukhobuzimsky territory of Krasnoyarsk region. The influence of feeding coniferous flour and pine nut shells on milk productivity of black-motley breed cows at the age of the second calving has been studied. Three groups of 5 cows in each were formed. The period of the experiment lasted 100 days. As a result, the analysis of composition of the studied feed additives, milk productivity, hematological and biochemical blood tests were made. Milk yield of the cows receiving coniferous flour in addition to the main diet was higher than in the control group by 13.5 %, and the cows receiving a shell of pine nut – by 4.3 %, in terms of basic fat content by 22.7-15.7 %, respectively. The increase of milk productivity by adding the coniferous flour allowed reducing the cost of 1 kg of milk by 2.2 rubles or 13.1 %, increase profits by 9.442 rubles or 36.5 %.
Молоко является одним из необходимых для организма человека продуктов питания, так как служит основным источником полноценных белков, незаменимых аминокислот, витаминов. В связи с этим особое внимание уделяется оценке показателей качества молока. Научные исследования проведены в АО «Березовское» Курагинского района Красноярского края в ноябре 2017 г. на коровах-дочерях четырёх быков-производителей красно-пёстрой породы, которые были распределены на четыре группы согласно материалам первичного племенного учёта. В I группу вошли дочери быка-производителя День 18486, во II-дочери быка Динар 28524, в III-дочери быка Диск 4313, в IV-дочери быка Допинг 28618. В каждую группу было отобрано по 12 голов. Показатели молочной продуктивности и развития коров-дочерей устанавливали из данных первичного племенного учёта хозяйства с использованием программы Selex. В результате анализа молочной продуктивности за первую лактацию установлено незначительное превосходство коров-дочерей быка Диск (III группа) над дочерьми из других групп по удою и массовой доле белка, существенное превосходство при сравнении с животными IV группы-по массовой доле жира (+0,16 %; P>0,95). Большинство физико-химических показателей коров находились в пределах нормы, за исключением количества соматических клеток, которые в молоке коров-дочерей Динара (I группа) было в пределах нормы (138,67 тыс./см 3), а у коров остальных групп (417,67-552,33 тыс./см 3)-выше на 17,67-152,33 тыс./см 3 (4,4-38,1%).
ЕФИМОВА Любовь Валентиновна, Красноярский научно-исследовательский институт животноводства-обособленное подразделение ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН ФРОЛОВА Ольга Анатольевна, Красноярский научно-исследовательский институт животноводства-обособленное подразделение ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН ЗАЗНОБИНА Татьяна Вячеславовна, Красноярский научно-исследовательский институт животноводства-обособленное подразделение ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН Представлены результаты анализа показателей физико-химических свойств молока коров красно-пестрой породы в зависимости от возраста в лактациях. Не установлено достоверного влияния возраста на показатели, характеризующие качество молока. Однако выявлена высокая сопряженность между признаками «казеин-белок» и «казеинсухое вещество» (0,812-0,995) и слабая отрицательная зависимость-между признаками «количество соматических клеток-количество лактозы» (-0,433-0,636).
Nowadays, one of the environmental problems is the pollution of the environment with heavy metals, the release of which leads to accumulation in the body of animals. The aim of the research was to study the content of heavy metals in the body of cows of different breeds in a separated agricultural enterprise. Researches were held in LLC "EIF Solyanskoe" of Krasnoyarsk region. The objects of research were the blood, urine and milk of cows Red-Motley breed and Black-Motley breed at the age of the second lactation. The result of research determined that concentration of Cu, Zn and Pb in milk and blood serum of Red-Motley cows was more than in Black-Motley cows; on the contrary, in urine the concentration of the studied metals was higher in Black-Motley cows. In general, the content of heavy metals in milk, blood serum and urine of cows of both breeds did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations, with the exception of Pb in milk, the existence of which was slightly higher than the hygienic norm by 0.02–0.03 mg/kg.
Currently, one of the main economic policies of the Russian Federation in the field of food security is production of safe food and consumer protection. The aim of the research was to study the content of such toxic elements as Zn, Cd and Pb in milk and blood of cows. Experimental studies were carried out at stud farms Plemzavod Tayozhny LLC in Suhobuzimsky District and OPH Solyanskoe LLC in Rybinsk District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation. The milk samples were studied by atomic absorption method; the blood serum samples, by mass spectrometry. Blood serum samples were obtained by sedimentation of whole blood and retraction of the blood clot followed by centrifugation. The obtained data were processed by the method of variation statistics with the calculation of statistical indicators. The lowest contents of Zn, Cd and Pb were found in blood serum of the cows of OPH Solyanskoe LLC; it was 0.038, 0.001, and 0.002 mg/l, respectively. The milk samples collected at Plemzavod Tayozhny LLC contained less heavy metals than those collected at OPH Solyanskoe LLC: Zn by 2.069 mg/l, Cd by 0.01 mg/l, and Pb by 0.061 mg/l (P>0.999). When calculating the correlation coefficients, weak positive and negative correlations were established between Zn and Pb content in blood and milk. The detected amounts of toxic elements did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations, except for Pb content in milk sampled at OPH Solyanskoe LLC, which was higher than the standard content by 0.026 mg/l.
Increasing the milk yield and improving the qualitative composition of milk are crucial tasks in Russia and foreign countries. In Krasnoyarsk krai, red-motley cows occupy the largest share of all breeds (69.7%). Studies were conducted in the Arefyevskoye JSC of Krasnoyarsk krai on red-and-white breed cows. Physical and chemical properties of milk were determined in the laboratory of selection control of milk quality. Studies have shown that in red-motley breed cows, the milk yield, fat and dry matter increases with aging, and the number of somatic cells decreases. A high reliable relationship between the signs of qualitative composition of milk (fat - urea, lactose - urea, dry matter - urea, protein - dry matter, fat - dry matter and lactose - dry matter) in all lactation cows was established. For 305 days of lactation, the correlation between the signs of milk yield - fat and milk yield - protein was negative, the correlation between fat and protein content was positive.
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