Introduction: Until recently, in our country, agriculture as a sector of the economy had low automation of business processes. At the present stage, digitalization and automation of the maximum number of agricultural processes is a conscious necessity. The task of it is the maximum automation of all stages of the production cycle to reduce losses, increase the productivity of agricultural business, optimal resource management. Materials and methods: This article use abstract logic and calculation and constructive methods. The historical experience of the formation of a multi-structure is considered, the digital stage is allocated. The system of comprehensive indicators of efficiency of agricultural production of various forms of management by types of efficiency is offered. Discussion: At the first stage agricultural producers on the basis of developed indicators of digital efficiency determine the level of digitalization for its further increase. At the second stage of implementation of elements of digitalization it is necessary for agricultural organizations to participate in the developed business model for the introduction of digital technologies, which will contribute to the development of agricultural production, growth of entrepreneurial activity and increase the sustainability of rural areas. Results: Based on the analysis of economic literature, foreign digital technologies used in advanced agricultural organizations of various forms of ownership in Russia are highlighted. It is concluded that the intensive introduction of digitalization and the Internet of things in agriculture will turn the industry less affected by it into a high-tech business due to the explosive growth of productivity and reduce unproductive costs and ensure food security of the regions and the country as a whole.
The article considers the cluster approach as an innovative technology for managing the regional economy of Russia. The results of the Russian and foreign scientists research in the cluster formation theory and practice are presented. The strategic model for innovative dairy cluster as a special form of relationships has been developed based on these scientific provisions. The basic principle is the innovative component of processing organizations of the regional dairy sub-complex together with consideration of socio-economic peculiarities of the Nizhny Novgorod region. This model turns to be very effective and can be used in designing the agro-industrial sector of the country’s economy at the regional level.
Full realization of genetic potential of productivity of livestock in the conditions of industrial technologies is impossible without using in its diets of various biologically active additives providing increase in productivity and standardization of indicators of homeostasis. The research has been conducted in “Breeding Farm Taezhny” Ltd, Sukhobuzimsky territory of Krasnoyarsk region. The influence of feeding coniferous flour and pine nut shells on milk productivity of black-motley breed cows at the age of the second calving has been studied. Three groups of 5 cows in each were formed. The period of the experiment lasted 100 days. As a result, the analysis of composition of the studied feed additives, milk productivity, hematological and biochemical blood tests were made. Milk yield of the cows receiving coniferous flour in addition to the main diet was higher than in the control group by 13.5 %, and the cows receiving a shell of pine nut – by 4.3 %, in terms of basic fat content by 22.7-15.7 %, respectively. The increase of milk productivity by adding the coniferous flour allowed reducing the cost of 1 kg of milk by 2.2 rubles or 13.1 %, increase profits by 9.442 rubles or 36.5 %.
Abstract. Ammonia emissions are produced in all manure management cycle stages: in the livestock housing period as well as during grazing, while manure is stored and incorporated to the soil. For ammonia emission estimation from manure management in Latvia the methodology described in the EMEP-EEA guidebook 2016 is used. The research paper covers all common livestock groups as well as the major manure handling and storage technology solutions in Latvia. The ammonia emissions are overviewed according to the level of calculations (Tier 1 or Tier 2), as well as typical characteristics of small or intensive management farms. The outcome of ammonia emissions increased by 50 %, if Tier 2 method was used for determination of dairy cattle ammonia emissions compared to Tier 1, for laying hens this difference is 32 %. Conventional farming contributes less ammonia emissions for dairy cattle (52 %) and laying hens (44 %) compared to intensive farming in the context of Tier 2 calculation approach, if abating solution quantitative expressions are not taken into account. Substantial reduction potential (up to 64 % for dairy cattle) can be reached for ammonia emission, if manure is used as feedstock for biogas production as direct use of manure is subtracted from Tier 2 calculations and for this research comparison purposes calculated using Tier 1 level methodology. The emission created from biogas production is necessary to report in the waste sector according to the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)p directive. Quantitative estimation of abating and preventing solutions for ammonia emissions at all levels of manure management according to the country specific conditions is important.
Feeding livestock a balanced diet with a differentiated crude protein (CP) content, depending on the lactation phase can reduce nitrogen emissions from livestock excrement and urine. A higher content of non-starch polysaccharides in livestock diets improves feed absorption in the livestock body and, consequently, nitrogen is emitted more from protein present in livestock manure than from urea acid present in livestock urine. The aim of the study is to calculate the ammonia emission reduction potential in Latvia by optimizing the feeding of dairy cows and ensuring life longevity, as well as provide justification for ammonia emission reduction in dairy farms. Calculations made by using the NorFor Model for optimization of dairy cow (Bos primigenius f. taurus) diets revealed that compared with lowyielding cows, a higher CP content diet fed to high-yielding cows at the beginning of lactation increased the amount of nitrogen (N) in their excrement and urine by 90–180 g d-1. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet by an average of 10 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) during mid-lactation resulted in the same trend. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet during late lactation and the dry period by another 20–30 g kg-1 of DM, N emissions from excrement and urine significantly decreased. Increasing the lifespan of dairy cows also means reducing ammonia emissions from the farm. By increasing the number of lactations per cow on dairy farm, it is possible to reduce the number of heifers per cow. The total reduction of ammonia emissions in Latvia was calculated based on a long-term projection of a decrease of 0.1 heifer per dairy cow. Ammonia emissions could be reduced by 0.051 kt by decreasing the number of heifers by 12.54 thou. at the planned increase in the lifespan of dairy cows by 2030.
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