Background: In forensic anthropology, the mental and mandibular foramina are important anatomic landmarks in mandibular region, useful in gender identification in forensic dentistry. Objectives: This study is carried out to predict the validity of the vertical measurements related to the mental and mandibular foramina on digital panoramic images in sex determination. Methodology: A total of 60 patients, 30 males, and 30 females were examined; age distribution was ranging between 20 and 49 years. Four linear vertical measurements were performed on the radiographic image of each subject on both sides of the mandible. Results: Comparison of both sides of mandible was similar with slight discrepancies in measurements, hence any side can be used for analysis, and the means of overall values for D1, D2, D3 and D4 were significantly higher in male than female. According to the analysis, D2 is highly sensitive, D1 highly accurate, D3 highly specific and D4 highly significant. Conclusion: Results revealed differences between the genders in all of the four measurements in this study, therefore these measurements were sensitive parameters to predict male gender and differentiate it from female and hence they could be applied successfully in forensic dentistry.
Aims: To determine the frequency, visibility and gender variations of mental foramen (foramen mentale), incisive canal, anterior loop of mental nerve, and mandibular canal (canal mandibulaire) in different age groups. Materials and Methods: The study was done in 179 orthopantomograms (OPG) which were taken using Digital Orthophos XG machine. The anatomical landmarks such as mandibular canal, mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve, and incisive canal were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were recorded. Results: According to a sample size of 179, the mandibular canal was visible in 98%. In 16% of the cases, with 14% poor perceptibility anterior looping of the mental nerve was visible. The mental foramen showed good visibility in 51%. In 23% of the cases, the incisive canal was observed. Chi-square test was done which showed the statistical difference with a P < 0.05 existed between appearance of mandibular canal and age and difference in P values in males and females in their visibility based on the sample size. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs provided sufficient information for mental foramen and mandibular canal. But for better visualization, detection of structures in between for aminal region and for performing surgery for implant placement in this region it may require to be replaced with three-dimensional imaging like cone-beam computed tomography.
Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that is characterized by a generalized reduction of the bone mass. This bone disease exhibits microarchitectural degradation/disintegration of the bone scaffold that leads to increased bone fragility and more prone to fracture. Dental radiographs are one of the commonly used imaging modalities for teeth and jaw pathology. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the mandibular bone quality in panoramic radiographs for an initial evaluation of osteoporosis in male and female patients between 30 and 75 years using mental index (MI), which measures the cortical bone thickness of mandible. Materials and Methods: Hundred digital panoramic radiographs were screened. MI was used to evaluate the mandibular cortical bone thickness bilaterally. In males and females average MI scores were then assessed by using the t-sample independent test. Results: The study was statistically significant with P < 0.001 which showed differences of mandibular bone quality between the groups based on MI measurements. Conclusion: Using MI for assessment of mandibular bone quality in panoramic radiograph showed a significant difference between males and females. Correlation between MI and age showed elderly females were most affected by osteoporosis. Thus, panoramic radiographs can act as a diagnostic aid for early detection of osteoporosis.
A dentigerous cyst of infl ammatory origin is a variant of dentigerous cyst which is commonly noticed only in the mixed dentition which diff ers from the developmental origin. It is slow growing in nature and has the tendency to cause bone expansion, displacement of adjacent teeth, tooth mobility, mild sensitivity, and deformation of roots of developing permanent teeth. The origin of this cyst is through the spread of infl ammation from the root apex of a nonvital deciduous tooth to the follicle of a developing permanent successor. The treatment of the cyst can be done by enucleation or decompression/marsupialization methods. The larger cyst can be managed conservatively by marsupialization or decompression to avoid the damage of involved developing permanent successor and should be saved wherever possible. This is a case report of dentigerous cyst of infl ammatory origin in a 12-year-old girl.
Background: Tobacco products attribute to oral cancer. Chronic smoking causes permanent damage to the oral mucosal cells and results in micronuclei (MN) formation. Aims and Objectives: The present study design was to assess the MN number in different locations of the oral cavity and to assess the damaging effects in patients who smoke and those who had left the habit recently. Materials and Methods:Three groups were included in the study. The first group included smokers; the second group included those who recently quit the smoking habit; and the third group included those without habit. Cytosmears were taken and stained with rapid Papanicolaou. MN were observed using a polarized light microscope. Results: Mean values of MN were observed more in the buccal mucosa, followed by lower labial mucosa and floor of the mouth. A significant increase in MN was observed in smokers group, a significant decrease in recently quit habit group and no MN observed in the control group. Conclusion: The genotoxic effects of tobacco smoke cause MN, and the counts can be used as a non-invasive early diagnostic tool. This finding was important in using MN detection in various areas of the mouth and a prognostic indicator to determine smoking cessation.
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