Background: Sella turcica is a saddle-shaped concavity in the body of sphenoid bone situated in the middle cranial fossa of skull, clearly seen on lateral cephalometric radiograph. Aim: The purpose of the study was to measure the size and describe the morphology of sella turcica in different age groups and gender. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 200 subjects of which 100 males and 100 females in the age group of 8-30 years were included in the study population. Linear dimensions which include the length, depth, and anteroposterior diameter were measured and the shape of sella turcica was analyzed and skeletal class of malocclusion was noted. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. Results: In the present study, morphology of sella turcica appeared to be normal shape (upper contour of anterior wall of sella turcica appears to be perpendicular to floor) in 46.5% of the study population and morphological variations in shape were seen in 53.5% of study population. Whereas size was considered there was statistically significant increase in the depth and anteroposterior diameter of sella turcica as age advanced. There was no significant difference in the linear measurements of sella turcica between males and females. Conclusion: The most common shape of sella turcica in the study population was normal shape. There is a gradual increase in the size of sella turcica as age advances.

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Aims: To determine the frequency, visibility and gender variations of mental foramen (foramen mentale), incisive canal, anterior loop of mental nerve, and mandibular canal (canal mandibulaire) in different age groups. Materials and Methods: The study was done in 179 orthopantomograms (OPG) which were taken using Digital Orthophos XG machine. The anatomical landmarks such as mandibular canal, mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve, and incisive canal were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were recorded. Results: According to a sample size of 179, the mandibular canal was visible in 98%. In 16% of the cases, with 14% poor perceptibility anterior looping of the mental nerve was visible. The mental foramen showed good visibility in 51%. In 23% of the cases, the incisive canal was observed. Chi-square test was done which showed the statistical difference with a P < 0.05 existed between appearance of mandibular canal and age and difference in P values in males and females in their visibility based on the sample size. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs provided sufficient information for mental foramen and mandibular canal. But for better visualization, detection of structures in between for aminal region and for performing surgery for implant placement in this region it may require to be replaced with three-dimensional imaging like cone-beam computed tomography.

Aims and Objectives: Mandible is the strongest, largest, hardest, and most durable bone of the skull which plays a paramount role in forensic study due its ability to maintaining its shape and contour better than other bones and exhibiting a greater degree of sexual dimorphism. To study the non-metric characteristics of mandible such as the variations of shape of chin, inferior border of mandible, and shape of coronoid process helps to distinguish between males and females. Materials and Methods: The material for this study comprised 90 dry adult human mandibles of known sex which was obtained from Department of Anatomy. The peculiar features that allowed us to differentiate among the sexes was contour of the inferior border of mandible, shape of the chin and shape of coronoid process bilaterally. Results: Male mandibles showed rocker-shaped predominantly (58.9%), whereas about (41.1%) of female mandibles exhibited a straight inferior border of the mandible. The shape of the chin in most of the males was bilobate (45.5%), square (43.6%), whereas female mandible had pointed chin (71.4%). Shapes of coronoid process observed were hook in (27.8%), rounded (31.1%), and triangular (41.1%) with P < 0.05 which indicated statistical significance. Conclusion: The non-metric analysis of mandible could be used for sex determination.

Introduction: Fractures of the mid-shaft clavicle are commonly encountered in clinical practice. These can be managed either by conservative method or operative by internal fixation. This study aims to compare the outcomes of conservative and operative management. Methods: Forty patients with displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures were included in the study, among which twenty-five patients were treated conservatively and 15 patients underwent surgery and were followed up for a period of 1 year. Time taken for union, functional outcome, complications, and patient satisfaction were compared. Results: In the non-operative group, 28% of the fractures took less than twelve weeks to unite, whereas in the operative group 60% of them took less than 12 weeks to unite. At the end of 1 year, there was no statistical difference in mean UCLA (University of California and Los Angeles) score and the mean DASH score of the non-operative group and operative group. There were more complications in the operative group. Re-operative rate in the operative group was 40%. Patient satisfaction was 80% in the non-operative group, whereas 48% of patients were satisfied in the operative group. Conclusion: Displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures treated conservatively have more advantages when compared to surgically treated fractures.