Background: Sella turcica is a saddle-shaped concavity in the body of sphenoid bone situated in the middle cranial fossa of skull, clearly seen on lateral cephalometric radiograph. Aim: The purpose of the study was to measure the size and describe the morphology of sella turcica in different age groups and gender. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 200 subjects of which 100 males and 100 females in the age group of 8-30 years were included in the study population. Linear dimensions which include the length, depth, and anteroposterior diameter were measured and the shape of sella turcica was analyzed and skeletal class of malocclusion was noted. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. Results: In the present study, morphology of sella turcica appeared to be normal shape (upper contour of anterior wall of sella turcica appears to be perpendicular to floor) in 46.5% of the study population and morphological variations in shape were seen in 53.5% of study population. Whereas size was considered there was statistically significant increase in the depth and anteroposterior diameter of sella turcica as age advanced. There was no significant difference in the linear measurements of sella turcica between males and females. Conclusion: The most common shape of sella turcica in the study population was normal shape. There is a gradual increase in the size of sella turcica as age advances.

Background: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid enlargement has to be investigated to rule out a neoplasm. The main purpose of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is to provide a rational approach for management and determine the correct surgical procedure when surgery is required. Objectives are:(1) To assess the cytologic and morphological features of thyroid swellings by FNA cytology (FNAC), (2) to study the age of occurrence and sex predilection of various thyroid disorders diagnosed by FNAC, and (3) to classify all the thyroid lesions based on The Bethesda System of Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). Methods: In the present study, evaluation of 100 cases of thyroid FNA's was undertaken and interpreted. All thyroid lesions conventionally diagnosed by FNA were classified according to TBSRTC. Results: In the present study, a total of 100 cases of thyroid swellings were analyzed, out of which 84 cases were diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesions, 3 cases as suspicious for malignancy, and 13 cases as neoplastic lesions by FNAC. The results were further classified under TBSRTC. Conclusion: FNAC is a relatively uncomplicated and safe diagnostic method, which is cost-effective. It is a helpful adjunct to pre-operative screening in the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases.

Aims: To determine the frequency, visibility and gender variations of mental foramen (foramen mentale), incisive canal, anterior loop of mental nerve, and mandibular canal (canal mandibulaire) in different age groups. Materials and Methods: The study was done in 179 orthopantomograms (OPG) which were taken using Digital Orthophos XG machine. The anatomical landmarks such as mandibular canal, mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve, and incisive canal were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were recorded. Results: According to a sample size of 179, the mandibular canal was visible in 98%. In 16% of the cases, with 14% poor perceptibility anterior looping of the mental nerve was visible. The mental foramen showed good visibility in 51%. In 23% of the cases, the incisive canal was observed. Chi-square test was done which showed the statistical difference with a P < 0.05 existed between appearance of mandibular canal and age and difference in P values in males and females in their visibility based on the sample size. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs provided sufficient information for mental foramen and mandibular canal. But for better visualization, detection of structures in between for aminal region and for performing surgery for implant placement in this region it may require to be replaced with three-dimensional imaging like cone-beam computed tomography.

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