In connection with the increasing application of chemical substances in the farm production, the microbial associations are being exposed to a bigger negative influence. Therefore, researching of a structure and consistency of the microbial associations is a fundamental task on the way to examine the directions of the biological processes in a soil in purpose to biologize the growing technologies of farm crops. This article presents the results of a field experiment on studying of influence of the microbial preparation (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain К-29, w. s., 100 ml/hа seed rate), and the plant growth regulator Regoplant (presowing treatment of seeds 250 ml/t), with its further post-emergence application at the rates 50 ml/ha) on the microbiota quantity of particular ecological-trophic groups in the lentil rhizosphere of Linza variety. The quantity of the microorganisms in the phase of budding and blooming after application of the plant growth regulator was investigated on the different substrates: MPB (ammonifiers), S. M. Vynohradskoho (nitrifyiers), O. O. Imshenetskoho and L. I. Solncevoi (cellulolytic). The quantity of the microorganisms was denominated in colony-forming units (CFU) in 1 gram of dry soil. It is established, that developing of the ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in rhizosphere of the lentil was considerably activated in the case of complex application of the investigated biological preparations. The biggest quantity of the nitrifying, ammonifying and cellulolytic microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere was noticed in the variants of the experiment with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the mixture of microbial preparation (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain К-29, 100 ml/hа seed rate) and plant growth regulator Regoplant (250 ml/t) with its further postemergence application at the rates 50 ml/ha, where the average exceeding compared to control was 63%, 50% and 40% for the ammonifying, nitrifying, and cellulolytic microorganisms. The data obtained complement the scientific understanding of the study of the influence of biological preparations on the microbiological activity of soil microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere and formation of perspective for the development of biologically technology of growing culture.
Objective. Characterize the fungal coenosis of the root zone of soybean plants and investigate the functional effect of isolated micromycetes on plants. Methods. The mycocenosis of different spheres of the root zone of soybean plants was studied under the conditions of field experiments on sod-medium-podzolic dusty-sandy soil. Soil sampling, isolation, accounting and cultivation of fungi were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Measuring the number of micromycetes in the spacing and the rhizosphere of soybean was carried out by the Waksman’s soil dilutions method. To extract mycobiota of rhizoplane, the method of washing from the surface of soybean roots, followed by dilution and deep sowing in the digest medium was used. Endophytes were isolated from the tissues of healthy unaffected soybean roots after their surface sterilization with alcohol (96%) for 1.5 min. Cultural and morphological characteristics of fungi were studied on wort agar, Chapek's agar medium, and potato-glucose agar. Their identification was carried out according to the determinants appropriate for a specific systematic group of micromycetes. The functional effect of micromycetes on plants was evaluated using bioassays on corn seedlings. Results. The mycocenosis of sod-podzolic soil was formed by micromycetes belonging to the genera Acremonium Link, Alternaria Nees, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mortierella Coem, Mucor Mich, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, among which micromycetes of the genus Penicillium (28.05 ± 3.13 thous CFU per 1 g of dry soil) were the most common. Under the influence of root exudates, the total number of soya bean rhizospheric soil fungi increased threefold and amounted to 212.30 ± 16.73 thous CFU per 1 g of dry soil; in the rhizosphere fungi of the genus Fusarium prevailed (152.63 ± 13.27 thous CFU per 1 g of dry soil). Mycocenosis of the rhizoplane of soybean plants was qualitatively and quantitatively depleted, as compared to the rhizosphere, and consisted mainly of representatives of the genera Fusarium (10.18 ± 3.93 thous CFU per 1 g of dry roots) and Gliocladium (6.88 ± 1.20 thous CFU per 1 g of dry roots). The endophytic mycobiota of soybean was formed by micromycetes of the genera Penicillium (44 %), Chaetomium (21 %), Fusarium (21 %), Verticillium (7 %), Phoma (7 %). Micromycetes isolated from the root zone of soybean plants differed in their functional effect on plants. The largest share of the studied fungi (61 %) are producers of growth-stimulating substances of various origin, 18 % of strains are characterized by a phytotoxic effect on plants, 21 % do not have a pronounced effect on plants. Conclusion. The fungal coenosis of the root zone of soybean was characterized, the functional effect of isolated micromycetes on plants was investigated.
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