Field experiments were conducted with four levels of seed priming including control and two varieties of pigeon pea at ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau during three consecutive years (2011-12 to 2013-14). One-year-old seeds of pigeon pea varieties (Bahar and Malviya-13) were primed with growth regulator (100 ppm GA3), in-organic salt (0.2% KNO3) and tap water (sanitized) separately for 06 hrs. and sown in field under RBD with 03 replications. Observations were recorded on seed quality parameters, biochemical attributes including nitrate assimilatory enzymes and activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during seedling stage. Seed quality parameters including germination, seedling growth and vigor indices were significantly enhanced through seed priming with GA3 followed by KNO3 and tap water over unprimed control. Biochemical attributes viz; chlorophyll a andb contents, were more influenced with GA3 priming followed by KNO3 and tap water whereas the proline accumulation was reduced with priming treatments and maximum reduction was noted with GA3 followed by KNO3 and tap water. Enhancement in nitrate assimilatory enzymes including nitrate and nitrite reductase activities was more with KNO3 priming followed by GA3 and tap water. Anti-oxidant enzymes activities including Catalase, Peroxidase and Super Oxide Dismutase were also increased significantly by KNO3 priming followed by GA3 and tap water over unprimed control.
In a field experiment, one year old seeds of two late sown wheat varieties viz., HUW 234 and WR544 were primed with tap water and inorganic salts including KNO 3 and Mg (SO 4) 2 singly (in 0.2% solutions) for 12 hours. After priming, the seeds were taken out and allowed for shade drying till returning to their original moisture content. One set of unprimed control was also kept simultaneously. Those primed and unprimed seeds were sown in the last week of December during 2011-12 in allocated plots in four replicates following Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) at the research farm of IISR Lucknow, taken temporarily by Directorate of Seed Research, Mau. The data showed that seed priming with tap water and inorganic salts including KNO 3 and Mg (SO 4) 2 singly in 0.2 per cent solution for 12 h significantly enhanced seed germination, shoot/root length, seedling dry weight, vigour index and finally the total biomass and grain yield in both the varieties evaluated over unprimed control. Among the treatment, KNO 3 priming displayed maximum values in respect of all characters studied followed by Mg (SO 4) 2 and tap water. Varieties differed significantly in respect of shoot/root length, seedling dry weight, spike length, number of spikelets / spike, number of grains and test weight. Variety HUW 234 superceded WR 544 in respect of seedling dry weight, vigour index, number of tillers/ run. meter and total biomass whereas WR 544 displayed maximum seed germination, shoot/root length, plant height and finally the total grain yield. Differences between varieties were found to be significant for some characters, however, insignificant for remaining others.
Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2009-10 and 2010-11) during Rabi seasons at the research farm of Directorate of Seed Research, Mau to study the effects of polymer seed coating along with insecticide, bio-agent and natural fillers on seed quality parameters, growth and yield of wheat. One year old seeds of two wheat varieties (HUW-234 and HD-2824) were coated with 5 different treatments viz., polykote @ 3 ml/kg seed alone (T 1), polykote @ 3 ml/kg + Trichoderma viride @ 3 g./kg seed (T 2), polykote @ 3 ml/ kg + insecticide (carbaryl) @ 3g/kg seed (T 3), polykote @ 3 ml/kg + neem oil @ 10ml/kg seed (T 4) and in combination of polykote @ 3 ml/kg + insecticide (carbaryl) @ 3g/kg seed + neem oil @ 10ml/kg seed (T 5), one uncoated set of seed was kept as control (T 0). The seeds were shade dried after coating and sown in field using Factorial Randomized Black Design in 3 replications with applying recommended doses of NPK (120:60:40). Results obtained revealed that wheat seed coating with polykote @ 3 ml/kg seed + insecticide (carbaryl) @ 3g/kg seed (T 3), + neem oil @ 10ml/kg seed significantly increased the seed quality parameters, growth, total dry matter production, yield attributes and finally the yield of wheat over uncoated control. Moreover, polymer (polykote @ 3 ml/kg seed) coating in combination of insecticide carbaryl @ 3g/kg seed or neem oil @ 10ml/kg seed separately also showed at par results compared to the combination of polykote @ 3 ml/kg + Trichoderma viride (@3 g./kg seed) which showed non-significant results on above parameters.
Background: The average productivity of chickpea is quite low (939 kg/ha) because of several factors including its cultivation in rain fed/low moisture and marginal lands, low seed replacement rate (25.4%), use of old and low-quality seed by the majority of farmers. This in turn gives poor germination, delayed emergence and sick seedlings that lead to poor yield. Osmo priming of seed with different in-organic salts has been reported to improve the germination, speed of emergence, seedling vigour, growth and yield of different vegetable and field crops but information’s on response of seed priming with in-organic salts on enhancement of seed quality parameters and crop performance of naturally aged seeds of chickpea is lacking over a wide range of environmental conditions including normal and water deficit conditions.Methods: An experiment was conducted under laboratory as well as in plastic pots with 05 seed osmo- priming level, two varieties of chickpea (Ujjawal and JG-14) and two moisture level (Normal at field capacity and water deficit at half of the field capacity) during rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19.at the Research farm of ICAR- IIPR Kanpur (U.P.) to study the influence of seed osmo-priming with in- organic salts on seed quality parameters and crop performance under normal and water deficit conditions. The observations were recorded on seed quality, growth and crop efficiency parameters at their appropriate time.Result: Osmo-priming of one-year-old chickpea seeds with KNO3, MgSO4, Ca(NO3)2 at 0.2% solution and tap water for 06 hours significantly enhanced the seed quality parameters in both the varieties evaluated under normal as well as under water deficit conditions over their respective control. Amongst, the priming agents used, KNO3 performed better than MgSO4, Ca(NO3)2 and tap water in respect of most of the seed quality parameters studied. Variety Ujjawal responded better the priming treatments than JG-14 under both normal and water deficit conditions. Osmo-priming treatments also showed the positive response in the enhancement of Nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll, Flavonols, Stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in both the varieties evaluated under normal as well as water deficit condition.
Background: In north India, pigeon pea experiences low temperature stress during winter months (December-January). Information’s regarding cold stress and its impact on morphological characters, physio-biochemical processes and yield attributes in pigeon pea crop is very limited. Keeping the above facts in to consideration, the experiment was formulated to screen suitable genotypes of pigeon pea tolerant to cold stress based on morpho-physiological traits and ability to set flower and pods and yield performance. Methods: Field experiments with 98 genotypes of pigeon pea were conducted in augmented design including checks with all recommended cultural practices in 2018-19 and 2019-20 at New Research Farm, ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur. Morphological, biochemical and yield parameters were recoded periodically. Result: Based on the reaction of pigeon pea genotypes against the exposer of cold stress in terms of flower/pod drop and flower/pod retention, cold injury at the apical meristems and post regeneration of apical portion, the genotypes like IPA 15F, Dhule-D, JBT46/27, IPACT-6, IPACT-14, IPAC-1-17, IPACT-68, IPACT-22 showed greater than 90% flower/pod drop and retained only 0-10% flowers/pods, greater than 90% apical damage and less than 10% recovery of apical portion and were considered highly sensitive to cold stress. Genotypes namely MA-3, IPA 9F, ICP 15-9-1, VKG 27/161, H-26, ICPL 7035, LRG-30, PBT/SSL 2/73, KPL 1034-31, IPA 15-15, KPL 34, ICP 2073, IPACT-5, IPAB 10-66, IPACT-10, IPACT-11, IPAHT-26, IPACT-15, IPAD 2-8, IPACT-16, IPAD-8, IPACT-17, IPAHT-43, IPACT-21 showed greater than 80% flower/pod drop and retained 10-20% flower/pods, greater than 80%apical damage and less than 20% recovery of apical portion and considered moderately susceptible to cold stress. Genotypes NDA-2, MAL-13, ICP-2275, IPACT-2 showed around 20-40% flower/pod drop and have retained 60-80% flowers/pods, less than 20% apical damage and greater than 80% recovery of apical portion were considered as the highly tolerant to cold stress. The nitrogen balance index, chlorophyll and flavonols showed higher values in tolerant group whereas lower in susceptible group. The average yield/plant of pigeon pea genotypes tolerant to cold stress is considerably higher than the susceptible group of pigeon pea genotypes.
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