The mechanism proposed by Waters for the oxidation of a-hydroxy-acids by manganic pyrophosphate accounts for the kinetics of oxidation of mandelic, DL-malic, and lactic acid by ceric sulphate. The reactants pass through a cyclic transition state involving the hydroxy-acid and cerium(1v). It is suggested that the reactive species of cerium is Ce(SO,), and that the HSO,ion plays the r61e of an active inhibitor by forming H,Ce(SO,),Z-on reacting with the sulphate.
Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain yield in major pulses grown under rainfed agrosystem. Generally, pulses are encountered into both heat and drought stresses during terminal reproductive stages. Though pulses have many adaptive features to counter the adverse effects of various abiotic stresses but yield is substantially reduced when the magnitude of these stresses is very high. The factors have been identified to enhance grain yield under stress environments which include promotion of biomass in the above ground part enabling crops to reserve a maximum amount of photosynthesis and water in the plant system itself before the onset of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stages. Various physiological mechanisms and fertility enhancement components including genetic diversity in key traits have been discussed here to improve yield of pulses under stressed conditions.
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