“…This result differs from past studies where soybean seed protein content was reported to either decrease (Hao et al., 2014; Li et al., 2018; Soares et al., 2019, 2021) or stay unchanged (Fiscus et al., 2007; Jin et al., 2017). Lower protein content at eCO 2 has been observed in chickpeas (Lamichaney et al., 2021; Saha et al., 2015), rice (Uprety et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2007), wheat (Fernando, Panozzo, Tausz, Norton, Fitzgerald, & Seneweera, 2012; Uprety et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2004), and other grasses (Barbehenn et al., 2004) and appears to be the rule rather than the exception in C 3 crops. However, legumes may be more resilient than other C 3 crops because of their potential for biological nitrogen fixation (Campo et al., 2009; Taub et al., 2008; Zimmer et al., 2016).…”