Aim The study aims to assess the effectiveness of oral health education on oral hygiene status among schizophrenic patients. Methods and results A randomized parallel controlled trial was conducted among schizophrenic patients (n = 111) with BPR score of ≤ 48 to assess the role of oral health education on their oral hygiene status. The experimental group (n = 56) received oral health education while the control group (n = 55) were administered standard care advice. Reinforcement in the form of printed calendar was done after 1 month followed by final assessment of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) through DCBS (Dental Coping Beliefs Scale), while oral hygiene through the oral hygiene index done after 2 months. Majority of subjects were males with mean age of 34.73 ± 9.9 years and mean duration of illness of 6.41 ± 5.2 years. All domains of the modified DCBS showed significant improvement in the experimental group. Frequency of brushing twice a day increased from 5.4% to 23.2% (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. DI score was 2.28 ± 0.93 versus 2.98 ± 1.3 (p < 0.02) in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion The oral health education with reinforcement in the form of printed calendar although showed statistically significant changes but lacked clinical importance.

Floral malformation caused by Fusarium mangiferae is a serious threat to mango cultivation in various countries. Different long-term measures suggested to control it were found to be unsuccessful. Present studies clearly showed strong antifungal activity of a concoction brewed from Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea, Azadirachta indica (neem) and cow manure (T 1 ) followed by methanol-water (70/ 30 v/v) extracts of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica (T 2 ) against Fusarium mangiferae. Optimal control of floral malformation was found in trees sprayed with T 1 followed by T 2 at bud break stage and again at fruit set stage when compared with the control. All the malformed buds or panicles completely dried two days after foliar spray with T 1 or T 2 . In the trees treated with T 1 at fruit set stage, flower abscission was observed from the fourth day after spraying and all flowers dropped by the ninth day without requiring any manual de-blossoming, whereas in the control, the malformed panicles remained green and competed with the growing fruits for plant nutrients. In vitro culture of fresh malformed tissues in MS media along with T 1 or T 2 showed no growth of any fungus in the media. However, in vitro culture of the completely dry malformed tissues in MS media after foliar treatment with T 1 or T 2 revealed growth of F. mangiferae on the twenty fifth day indicating that the concoction-brewed compost (T 1 ) or methanol-water (70/30 v/v) extracts (T 2 ) could not completely eliminate the pathogen but helped in controlling malformation by suppressing the activity of F. mangiferae. Mango trees sprayed with T 1 and T 2 revealed significant differences in percent fruit set and retention when compared with the control. This could be due to observed higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese in T 1, followed by T 2 when compared with T 3 (control). Among the different fruit quality parameters analysed, the total flavonoids were found to be significantly higher in T 1 and T 2 when compared with T 3. The study proved that the concoction-brewed compost (T 1 ) is effective, inexpensive, easy to prepare and constitutes a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to control floral malformation in mango when it is sprayed at bud break stage and again at fruit set stage.In this present study, exogenous treatment of emerging buds with (T c ) further proved that with increase in the number of malformed panicles/tree the number of buds developing into healthy panicles/tree decrease.

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Previous work has shown promising results in performing entity linking by measuring not only the affinities between mentions and entities but also those amongst mentions. In this paper, we present novel training and inference procedures that fully utilize mention-tomention affinities by building minimum arborescences (i.e., directed spanning trees) over mentions and entities across documents in order to make linking decisions. We also show that this method gracefully extends to entity discovery, enabling the clustering of mentions that do not have an associated entity in the knowledge-base. We evaluate our approach on the Zero-Shot Entity Linking dataset and MedMentions, the largest publicly available biomedical dataset, and show significant improvements in performance for both entity linking and discovery compared to identically parameterized models. We further show significant efficiency improvements with only a small loss in accuracy over previous work, which use more computationally expensive models.

The influence of dye reactivity on the exhaustion of reactive dyes on silk has been studied. It was found that if reactivity is reduced by blocking or hydrolysing the reactive groups, exhaustion also decreases. A mechanism by which reactive dyes exhaust onto silk in neutral media is also proposed.

The behaviour of heterobifunctional reactive dyes, containing a monochlorotriazine and a vinyl sulphone group, on silk has been investigated. Maximum exhaustion and fixation were obtained in a neutral medium at 90d̀ C. The addition of sodium sulphate was found to promote the exhaustion of reactive dyes at pH values above the isoelectric point of silk. A reduction in the solubility of dyed silk indicated that crosslinks were formed with bifunctional reactive dyes.

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