Three diflerent cannulation techniques in pigs were tested with 15 crossbred castrates. Four pigs were fitted with a simple T-cannula, six pigs with a postvalve T-caecum cannula ( P V T C cannula) and five pigs with ileocaecal reentrant cannulas. Four diets were tested: a conventional diet, a pectin-rich diet, a crude fibre-rich diet and a semisynthetic diet. For quantitative collection of ileal digesta the PVTC cannulation technique was tested for homogeneity of sampling. Cr,O, and TiO, were used as solid phase markers and Co-EDTA as a liquid phase marker. The digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, crude fibre, ADF and NDF were determined. Digestibilities measured with re-entrant cannula as a quantitative collection method were sometimes signiJicantly higher (P
The effects of post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulation and end-to-side ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA) on growth performance, nitrogen retention and intestinal fermentation were measured in growing pigs by comparison with a control group of intact animals. There were no differences between PVTC-pigs and intact pigs in growth performance and N balance. In IRA-animals reduced growth (P < OOl), less efficient feed conversion (P < 0.01) and decreased N retention (P < 0,001) were found. Indices of fermentation measured in ileal digesta of PVTC-and IRA-pigs were considerably different. In TRAanimals the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was about 112-162 mmol/l, higher (P < 0,001) than in digesta of PVTC-pigs (20-31 mmol/l). The molar proportions of acetate and propionate depended (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively) on the digesta-collection technique. Concentrations and ratios of VFA measured in PVTC-pigs were similar to reported values. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) concentration and N:DAPA ratios measured in digesta were significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0001 respectively) different between treatments. All digesta variables measured showed increased microbial activity in digesta of IRA-pigs; thus, an influence on digestibility measurement can be assumed.Ileo-rectal anastomosis : Post-valve T-caecum cannulation : Growth performance : N balance: Pig ~-Digestibility measured a t the terminal ileum has been shown to be the best method for calculating the availability of amino acids in the pig (Zebrowska, 1973). Therefore, three new methods for collection of intestinal digesta a t the terminal ileum have been developed during the last decade. Ileo-colic post-valve fistulation (Darcy ct ul. 1980) has been described as very difficult and time-consuming for routine measurement (Darcy c't ul. 1980). Ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA) has been proposed as an alternative collection method (Picard et ul. 1984;Darcy-Vrillon & Laplace, 1985; Souffrant et ul. 1985; Hennig rf ul. 1986). The most important advantage of IRA is that digesta can be collected quantitatively https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi
BackgroundBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is standard diagnostic procedure. Procedural recommendations have been made by pneumological societies including normal values for interpretation of BAL cytology. These normal values derive from small studies in healthy volunteers and have never been analysed for their sensitivity and specificity.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse sensitivity and specificity of these normal values by assessing lavage cell composition in healthy and diseased individuals.MethodsMore than 6000 BAL were retrospectively analysed for their cellular distribution including BALs of 250 healthy individuals. All BALs were obtained under similar conditions.ResultsBronchoalveolar lavage cytology of healthy individuals mirrors data from previous studies with smoking being the most important manipulator of BAL cytology. Analyses of proposed normal values demonstrate specificity between 80% and 95%, whereas sensitivity ranges between 35% and 65%. Using different mathematical models, a value summing up the differences to ATS‐proposed normal values of the cytological pattern was found to best discriminate between healthy and diseased individuals with a sensitivity of nearly 60% with a predefined specificity of 95%.ConclusionIn summary, our analysis confirmed prior results for healthy volunteers and enlarged these findings by analysing sensitivity and specificity of lavage results in an independent validation cohort of diseased individuals. Thereby, the study may influence the acceptance of BAL in the diagnostic workup of individuals with pulmonary diseases. Additionally, the study proposes a novel value that facilitates lavage interpretation and may therefore be useful in further studies.
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