Comparison of different digesta collection methods to determine the apparent digestibilities of the nutrients at the terminal ileum in pigs

Köhler, T.; Huisman, J.; Hartog, L.A. den; Mosenthin, R.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740530405

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This did not occur, however, with an average marker recovery of only 72%. These recoveries, however, do fall within the range of those reported by den Hartog et al 14 14,16 in PVTCcannulated pigs. It is assumed that in the present study the remaining 28% of the digesta bypassed the cannula and entered the large intestine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

The diurnal pattern of ileal dry matter and endogenous ileal nitrogen flows in the growing pig

et al. 2002

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The aim was to examine the diurnal pattern of endogenous nitrogen flow at the terminal ileum of the pig. Seven entire male pigs with a mean body weight of 58 kg had post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulae surgically implanted for the collection of ileal digesta. The pigs were fed equal-sized meals (10% of metabolic body weight, W 0.75 , per day) twice daily at 08:00 and 17:00. The semi-synthetic diet included enzyme-hydrolysed casein (<5000 Da, 100 g kg À1 diet) as the sole source of nitrogen (N). The diet also contained chromic oxide (6 g kg À1 ) as an indigestible marker. The pigs received the diet for an 8 day period, and digesta were continuously collected for 24 h periods (commencing at 08:00) on the fifth and eighth days. Digesta were analysed for dry matter (DM) and chromium (Cr), and endogenous N was determined in the precipitate þ retentate fraction of the digesta following centrifugation and ultrafiltration (10 000 Da molecular weight cut-off). The concentration of Cr expressed on a digesta DM basis and the ratio of endogenous N to Cr in the digesta were relatively constant over the 24 h digesta collection periods, with no statistically significant (P > 0.05) differences found for the latter measure in the digesta collected between 12:00 and 08:00. The endogenous N flow through the terminal ileum is the net effect of the secretion and reabsorption of endogenous N that occurs throughout the digestive tract. The net result of the latter two processes in the small intestine of the pig leads to a relatively constant endogenous N flow over time post-feeding.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

The diurnal pattern of ileal dry matter and endogenous ileal nitrogen flows in the growing pig

et al. 2002

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“…In vivo, ileal disappearance methods have, in the absence of better alternatives, been adopted as the method of reference in humans and pigs. Despite the undisputed value of such data, it suffers from a number of limitations, including the potential influence of the absence of colon function, the dependency on marker methodology to correct for incomplete sampling of digesta (18,45), and the contribution of small intestinal fermentation, which can be substantial for some fermentable carbohydrates (46). The approach taken in the current study, based on a difference in natural 13 C enrichment of the starch-compared to nonstarch components of a diet, is simple and noninvasive and can be used to reach a high experimental power, as evidenced by the low variability (SEM) of RS intake (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements using ileostomized patients or ileally cannulated pigs (13)(14)(15)17) are the preferred methods for estimation of RS intake, but these methods ignore the contribution of starch fermentation before the terminal ileum. Furthermore, the use of indigestible markers in ileally cannulated pigs is an important source of error (12,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Resistant Starch Using Novel, In Vivo Methodology and the Energetic Utilization of Fermented Starch in Pigs3

Gerrits

Bosch

Borne

2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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To quantify the energy value of fermentable starch, 10 groups of 14 pigs were assigned to one of two dietary treatments comprising diets containing 45% of either pregelatinized (P) or retrograded (R) corn starch. In both diets, a contrast in natural ¹³C enrichment between the starch and nonstarch components of the diet was created to partition between enzymatic digestion and fermentation of the corn starch. Energy and protein retention were measured using indirect calorimetry after adapting the pigs to the diets for 3 wk. Fecal ¹³C enrichment was higher in the R-fed pigs (P < 0.001) and 43% of the R resisted enzymatic digestion. Energy retained as protein was unaffected and energy retained as fat was 29% lower than in P-fed pigs (P < 0.01). Prior to the morning meal, end products of fermentation substantially contributed to substrate oxidation in the R-fed pigs. During the 3-4 h following both meals, heat production was higher (P < 0.05) in P-fed pigs, but this was not preferentially fueled by glucose from corn starch. Digestible energy intake, metabolizable energy intake, and energy retention were reduced (P < 0.05) in R-fed pigs compared with P-fed pigs by 92, 54, and 33 kJ/(kg⁰·⁷⁵ · d), respectively. Therefore, the energy values of fermented resistant starch were 53, 73, and 83% of the digestible, metabolizable, and net energy values of enzymatically degradable starch, respectively. Creating a contrast in natural ¹³C enrichment between starch and nonstarch dietary components provides a promising, noninvasive, in vivo method for estimating the proportion of dietary starch fermented in the gastrointestinal tract.

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“…More likely, collection of ileal digesta through the T-cannulas may have resulted in selective recovery of specific digesta fractions (see e.g. Köhler et al[52]). Although not quantitatively analyzed, the ratio between chromium and cobalt (Cr:Co) in ileal digesta samples collected after pigs received a pulse-dose of Cr 2 O 3 and Co-EDTA, provides some insight in the individual recoveries of solid and soluble digesta fractions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucans and Resistant Starch Alter the Fermentation of Recalcitrant Fibers in Growing Pigs

et al. 2016

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Interactions among dietary ingredients are often assumed non-existent when evaluating the nutritive value and health effects of dietary fiber. Specific fibers can distinctly affect digestive processes; therefore, digestibility and fermentability of the complete diet may depend on fiber types present. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of readily fermentable fibers (β-glucans and resistant starch) on the degradation of feed ingredients containing more persistent, recalcitrant, fibers. Six semi-synthetic diets with recalcitrant fibers from rapeseed meal (pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucans, and cellulose) or corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS; (glucurono)arabinoxylans and cellulose) with or without inclusion of β-glucans (6%) or retrograded tapioca (40%) substituted for corn starch were formulated. Six ileal-cannulated pigs (BW 28±1.4 kg) were assigned to the diets according to a 6×6 Latin square. β-glucan-extract increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of non-glucosyl polysaccharides (accounting for ~40% of the fiber-fraction) from rapeseed meal (6%-units, P<0.001), but did not affect non-glucosyl polysaccharides from DDGS. Retrograded tapioca reduced ATTD of non-glucosyl polysaccharides from rapeseed meal and DDGS (>10%-units, P<0.001), indicating that the large amount of resistant starch entering the hindgut was preferentially degraded over recalcitrant fibers from rapeseed meal and DDGS, possibly related to reduced hindgut-retention time following the increased intestinal bulk. Fermentation of fiber sources was not only dependent on fiber characteristics, but also on the presence of other fibers in the diet. Hence, interactions in the gastrointestinal tract among fibrous feed ingredients should be considered when evaluating their nutritive value.

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Comparison of different digesta collection methods to determine the apparent digestibilities of the nutrients at the terminal ileum in pigs

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

The diurnal pattern of ileal dry matter and endogenous ileal nitrogen flows in the growing pig

The diurnal pattern of ileal dry matter and endogenous ileal nitrogen flows in the growing pig

Quantifying Resistant Starch Using Novel, In Vivo Methodology and the Energetic Utilization of Fermented Starch in Pigs3

β-Glucans and Resistant Starch Alter the Fermentation of Recalcitrant Fibers in Growing Pigs

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