The paper is devoted to experimental justification of widespread application of individualization in choosing types and volumes of physical activity for physical education classes taking into account typological indicators. The purpose of the study was to improve the physical education of schoolchildren by developing the concept of individual-typological approach to assessing the regulation of functional systems of the body for the educational process management. Materials and methods: theoretical review of the current scientific literature on the issues allowed forming the methodology of the experimental study. The computer program Express Assessment of Physical Health (FH) and Development (FD) of Schoolchildren was used as diagnostic methods, alongside with the measurement of Quetelet, Robinson, Skibinsky, Shapovalova, Ruffier indices. In order to assess the efficiency of FE classes in the main group (MG) (experimental) and comparison group (CG) (control), heart rate variability (HRV) indicators were detected through electrocardiogram characteristics (ECG) using Varikard 2.51 hardware and software complex. The system of selection of loads at physical education classes based on typological indicators of regulation of muscular and cardio-respiratory systems was developed and tested. Mathematical and statistical processing of data was carried out by means of λ-Kolmogorsk-Smirnov one-sample test, χ 2 Pearson's parametric criterion and k-means clustering (Euclidean distance). The results of the study showed the efficiency of using individual health set of exercises to minimize functional deviations of body systems according to PD and HRV.
The research is devoted to psychophysiological regularities of the adaptation of the spatial-temporal functions in the athletes of equestrian sport with the specialization "dressage." Particularly, we evaluate the developmental impact on sensory perception and motor orientation in the spatial-temporal continuum of the special dressage exercise complex. The obtained data confirm the significance of the athletes' space-time characteristics for the effectiveness of sports activities aimed at increasing their preparedness for competitive activity in equestrian sports, because their development leads to an increase in the adaptive capabilities of athletes, helps to optimize the processes in the central nervous system, as well as the vegetative regulation of the functional systems in the body. The development of the horsemen' space-time functions (under control with the help of computer diagnostics of their indicators) can be recommended as an indispensable component of increasing the readiness for competitive activity in equestrian sport.
Aim. The article deals with developing coordination abilities in equestrian athletes at the initial stage of training through a specially organized training process. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the Grand Prix sports and recreation complex (Samara region, Podstepki village, Togliatti). 36 equestrian athletes aged from 16 to 17 years were examined. The main (MG) and the comparison group (CG) consisted of 18 males and females. The comparison group was engaged in a standard program (4 days per week, 1 hour). The main group had 4 training sessions per week. On the fourth day, the main group practiced specially selected exercises aimed at developing coordination abilities. The diagnostic method included the Human temporal and spatial properties analyzer 2.1 software, as well as the BALANCE SYSTEM SD training platform. Results. According to the results of the study, significant changes in the spatial and temporal properties were observed among triathletes and competitors in both males and females. The significance of differences of unilateral and bilateral postural stability confirms the importance of the ability to static and dynamic balance, as well as coordination and combination of movements for equestrian athletes involved in show jumping, dressage and eventing. Conclusion. Special exercises on the force platform allow improving coordination abilities, temporal and spatial properties and postural stability in show jumping, dressage and eventing.
Aim. The aim of this article is to develop coordination abilities in figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group with the help of a special educational and training program. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the Trud sports complex in Togliatti. Twenty figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group participated in the experiment. All participants were divided into 2 subgroups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), 10 girls each. The main difference between groups was the use of a special exercise program in the experimental group aimed at the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters. In the control group, classes were held according to the standard educational program. The diagnostic technique included the computer program “Researcher of temporal and spatial properties of a person version 2.1”. Results. The article provides an experimental justification for the use of a set of exercises of special physical training (SPT) for the development of coordination abilities in skaters 7–8 years old. It was shown that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment (PE), the psychophysiological and motor indicators in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. Having introduced a set of exercises in the experimental group, we received a significant improvement in the spatio-temporal indicators and motor coordination compared to the control group. Conclusion. Using a set of exercises for the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters allows improving the ability of young skaters to move on ice and developing the locomotor functions of young skaters with improved coordination abilities.
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