Seed transmission studies revealed that the seeds collected from plants infected only with MYMV did not produce symptoms both in mungbean and urdbean. The percentage seed transmission of ULCV in mungbean and urdbean was 26.25 and 34.50%, respectively, whereas seeds collected from plants infected with both MYMV and ULCV, seed transmission of ULCV in mungbean was 21.13% and in urdbean 26.25%. The maximum reduction in germination percentage and vigour index was recorded in seeds collected from plants infected with both MYMV and ULCV of mungbean and urdbean in seed germination tests. The seed transmission of ULCV was decreased when the plants are infected both with ULCV and MYMV, but the other parameters like germination percentage, vigour index were decreased considerably. PCR using deng primer confirmed that MYMV is not seed transmitted in mungbean and urdbean when infected individually or combined infection of MYMV and ULCV.
Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is one of the important pulse crops grown all over the world. Among the virus diseases of blackgram, leaf crinkle caused by Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (Ungrouped/ ULCV) is an important disease which leads to considerable losses depending on the season and type of cultivar cultivated. Pre-inoculation spraying of blackgram plants with leaf extracts of Mirabilis jalapa or Bougainvillea spectabilis was found to reduce the leaf crinkle disease to about 90%. The suppression of the disease by the extract was not only due to direct inhibition of the virus. Pre-treatment of blackgram leaves with 10% leaf extracts of M. jalapa and B. spectabilis as foliar spray induced the accumulation of phenolics and enhanced the activities of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonialyase and polyphenol oxidase. New isoforms of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were also induced by the treatments. The induced defense mechanism might have played a role in reducing the disease.
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