This paper sorts out the taxonomy of species affiliated with Pulveroboletusravenelii in the Guineo-soudanian and Zambezian woodlands of Africa. Morphological and genetic characters of African Pulveroboletus collections were studied and compared to those of North American and Asian species. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the African specimens form a subclade, sister to the Asian and American taxa. Although clamp connections have previously never been reported from Pulveroboletus, all specimens of the African subclade show very small clamp connections. Two new African species, Pulveroboletusafricanussp. nov. and P.sokponianussp. nov., are described and illustrated. Comments concerning morphology and identification, as well as distribution and ecology, are given for both species.
This study presents Paxilloboletus gen. nov., a new lamellate bolete genus represented by two tropical African species, Paxilloboletus africanus sp. nov. and Paxilloboletus latisporus sp. nov. Although the new taxa strongly resemble Paxillus (Paxillaceae), they lack clamp connections and form a separate generic clade within the Boletaceae phylogeny. The new species are lookalikes, morphologically only separable by their spore morphology. Descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and new species are given, as well as comments on ecology, distribution, and morphological differences with other gilled Boletaceae.
Studies examining the role of abiotic variables on fructification sequences of ectomycorrhizal symbionts (boletes), the extent and direction of these effects are quite rare in Africa. In the current study, we assessed the effects of microclimate on the distribution and productivity of boletes in Benin. Nine permanent plots of 2500 m 2 each split into 25 subplots of 100 m 2 were installed in three different vegetation types. The first vegetation type is dominated by Isoberlinia doka, the second by Isoberlinia tomentosa and the third by Uapaca togoensis. Abiotic variables, including soil temperature, air temperature, air relative humidity and soil moisture, were recorded every 30 min from June to October. Each plot was surveyed twice a week during the mushroom season over 3 years (2015, 2016 and 2017) to record the abundance and the fresh biomass.The effects of microclimate on boletes productivity were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models in R. Boletes give the largest natural production in July and the lowest in October. Only soil moisture has a significant negative influence on the abundance (p > 0.05). The fruiting periods of boletes are known according to the variability of the microclimatic parameters and the vegetation.
Background: The ectomycorrhizal fungi display strong fluctuations during the mycological season. However, how abiotic parameters affect the fruiting sequences of ectomycorrhizal fungi and also the direction and extent of this effect are not yet tapped adequately. The present study seeks to assess the microclimate effect on the natural production of boletes. Nine permanent plots of 2500 m2 (50m x 50m) split into 25 subplots of 100 m2 (10m x 10m) were installed in three different vegetation dominated respectively by Isoberlinia doka, Isoberlinia tomentosa and Uapaca togoensis. Microclimatic parameters were recorded each 30 minutes throughout by mean of a Micro Station Data Logger - H21-002 the mycological seasons. Each plot was surveyed twice a week (from May to October) over three years (2015, 2016 and 2017) to record the presence/absence of fruit bodies and fresh biomass of boletes. To evaluate the effect of time and microclimate variables on natural production, we used mixed effects and generalized linear models using R version 3.5.3. Results: In total, during the three years (2015, 2016 and 2017), we recorded 14 species of boletes. Species richness does not change over time (P > 0.05). In addition, fresh biomass varies within years and vegetation (P < 0.05). The combination of year and month of collection has a significant effect on the number of fruit bodies (P < 0.05). Only the soil moisture has a significant positive influence on the species richness of boletes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: When the soil moisture decreases by four units, the number of fruit bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi is significantly reduced by one unit. Therefore, above 0.25 m3 / m3 and below 0.05 m3 / m3 there is a decrease in the number of fruit bodies.
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