IntroductionTobacco advertisement bans in Indonesia are rare and seldom evaluated. The recent introduction of an outdoor tobacco advertisement (OTA) ban in Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia provided an opportunity to evaluate such policy.MethodsUsing a mixed-methods approach, we undertook an observational study of OTA in 15 locations where such advertising had been prohibited. We also interviewed a sample of 114 store-owners/storekeepers and 131 community members, and conducted indepth interviews with government officials and the Public Order Agency (POA), the designated enforcement agency.ResultsIn phase 1 we found only one location was free of advertisements. We identified 667 advertisement points and 1283 advertisement materials in the study location; of these, 7% and 7.8% were within 25 m of schools and religious sites, respectively. Phase 2 showed that 68% of the respondents were unaware of the regulation, but many supported an OTA ban. Indepth interviews revealed that not all members of the POA were familiar with the regulation. POA members believed they will enforce the regulation better if higher level regulation for ban on tobacco advertisements, promotions and sponsorships was made and digital application is available to support surveillance.ConclusionPolicy violations were evident 1 year after the launch of OTA ban in Banyuwangi. Tobacco advertisements are still visible, including near schools and religious sites, potentially stimulating adolescents to smoke. Regional regulation and setting specific violation reductions as a performance indicator for POA could improve compliance. App-based technology could assist violation surveillance and reporting, as could awareness-raising campaigns that encouraged community support to report violation through the apps.

INTRODUCTION There are weak regulations and controls on tobacco sales to adolescents in Indonesia, and these may have contributed to the increase in smoking prevalence among adolescents in the country. Our study aims to calculate the density of cigarette retailers near schools and ascertain the factors associated with sales to minors. METHODS We conducted geographical mapping by recording the GPS position of cigarette retailers in 15 locations in Banyuwangi District, Indonesia, to assess the density and proximity of cigarette retailers to schools. We interviewed randomly selected retailers, from the geographical mapping, for information on sales to minors, the cheapest price cigarettes are sold and the most popular cigarette brand purchased by adolescents, as well as owners/keepers knowledge of the regulation regarding sales to minors. RESULTS We identified 770 retailers of consumer goods in the study location; 28.1% (216) sold cigarettes, with mean density of 1.1 cigarette retailers per 100 m. Of the cigarette retailers, 6.9% were located <25 m from schools and all schools had at least one retailer within a 250 m radius. Owners/keepers of 107 cigarette retailers agreed to be interviewed for information on sales to minors. Brands from Gudang Garam were the most popular among adolescents and the brand from Bentoel, part of British American Tobacco, was the cheapest. The median of the cheapest price sold was US$0.7 per pack. Only 43.6% of retailers ever refused to sell cigarettes to adolescents. Within a school complex, retailers' refusal to sell cigarettes to adolescents was higher than in other locations. CONCLUSIONS Schools in Banyuwangi are surrounded by cigarette retailers. Half of the retailers sell cigarettes at a price affordable by adolescents, attracting adolescents to initiate smoking. There needs to be strict regulation to control cigarette sales to minors, through zoning and licensing in Indonesia.

ABSTRACT

Hygiene and Sanitation of Ships Domestically and Abroad. Sea transportation is still an alternative choice in addition to land and air transport because it has several advantages such as greater haulage and lower cost. Along with technological developments, the ship becomes a transport for travel within and outside the country. Probolinggo Sea Port is one of the domestic and international crossing services for passengers and loading and unloading of goods. Supervision of domestic and overseas ship arrivals is aimed at preventing all risk factors of PHEIC (Public Health Emergency of International Concern), especially ships coming from infected areas. This study aims to describe the hygiene of sanitary ships in the country and abroad at the Port of Probolinggo using an observational method with descriptive approach. Sampling in this study using accidental sampling method with the ratio of overseas and domestic ships is 1: 5. The result showed that there were 46,67% aspect which have not fulfill sanitation hygiene requirement on domestic ship that is 80% medical facility, 60% waste, 20% kitchen, 10% food raft room, 10% machine room, 10% food and 10% garbage. While sanitation hygiene on overseas ships inspected 100% has met the requirements on all aspects. In conclusion, domestic and overseas ships are at low risk of transmitting diseases and have differences in meeting the requirements on all aspects examined especially aspects of medical facilities.

Gadget use among Indonesian adolescents is becoming more prevalent. Most Indonesian families own smartphones for various uses including for accessing the internet. Gadget and internet use has sharply increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study therefore reports a short awareness raising method on gadget addiction among adolescents and how to prevent it. Awareness raising session was held online for students of junior and senior high school students in Banyuwangi District. Socialization materials were given in the form of 20 minute lecture and a 2 minute and 19 second short animation video. Knowledge improvement was calculated from a pre-socialization and post socialization test scores and analysed using paired t-test. Participants were also asked to evaluate the impact of the socialization on providing new information and understanding of the issues. Online socialization can improve knowledge on 66.7% of the students with an average score improvement of 1.55±1.81 poin (p<0.0001). Participants stated that the socialization was well executed. Most students (85.5%) agreed to highly agreed that the socialization provided them with new information and 87.1% of students agreed to highly agreed that they understood the materials. Therefore, short online socialization through presentation and short video can improve the knowledge and understanding of gadget addiction among adolescents.Keywords: Addiction, gadget, smartphones, adolescents, socialization. ABSTRAKPenggunaan gawai di kalangan remaja semakin umum di Indonesia. Sebagian besar keluarga di Indonesia memiliki telepon pintar yang digunakan untuk berbagai hal termasuk mengakses internet. Selama masa pandemi Covid-19 penggunaan gawai dan internet semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan sosialisasi mengenai kecanduan gawai di kalangan remaja dan cara mencegahnya. Sosialisasi mengenai kecanduan gawai secara daring diberikan kepada siswa setingkat sekolah menengah pertama dan sekolah menengah atas di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Materi sosialisasi diberikan dalam waktu 20 menit dalam bentuk presentasi dan video pendek. Peningkatan pengetahuan diukur melalui test pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah sosialisasi dan dianalisa menggunakan t-test. Peserta juga diminta untuk mengevaluasi manfaat sosialisasi dari segi penambahan informasi dan pemahaman. Sosialisasi secara daring dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan pada 66.7% siswa dengan peningkatan skor rata-rata sebesar 1.55±1.81 poin (p<0.0001). Peserta menyatakan bahwa keseluruhan kegiatan sosialisasi dilaksanakan dengan baik. Sebagian besar siswa (85.5%) menyatakan setuju hingga sangat setuju bahwa kegiatan sosialisasi tersebut memberi tambahan informasi baru bagi mereka dan 87.1% siswa menyatakan setuju hingga sangat setuju bahwa mereka memahami materi yang disampaikan. Sosialisasi secara daring dalam waktu yang singkat melalui presentasi dan video pendek dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman remaja mengenai kecanduan gawai.Kata Kunci: Kecanduan, Gawai, Telepon Pintar, Remaja, Sosialisasi