Objective:To determine the frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients at tertiary care hospital.Methods:During this study 246 patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis were enrolled from outpatients department of Medicine of Central Park Medical College Hospital, Lahore from July 1, 2016 to January 31, 2017. Demographic data and questions related to study were noted. After 14 hours of fasting 5ml of venous blood was drawn for Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and blood sugar level. Blood tests were performed on COBAS c III (ROCHE), Framingham 10 year Risk score was calculated for every individual.Results:The mean age of male population was (50.2 ±7.5) and females (48.4±7.6) and female gender was common. Seventy eight (78%) of study population has one modifiable risk factor. Most frequent risk factor found in this study was BMI>30 in 48.4% (n=119), High LDL 43.5% (n=107), moderate to high FRS score 40.2% (n=99), Hypertension 37.4% (n=92), Diabetes Mellitus was present in 22.8% (n=56), while smoking was least frequent risk factors with frequency of 15.9% (n=39). Framingham cardiovascular risk score was significantly different, males were having higher mean 10 year risk score (19.7%) and females (8.7%) with (p-<0.01). Regression analysis revealed that older patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis with disease duration of more than seven years are four times more likely to have High Framingham risk score, moderate to high LDL and diabetes mellitus with significant high Odds ratio (p-value <0.05).Conclusion:Rheumatoid Arthritis patients are having increased chances of developing cardiovascular risk factors leading to cardiovascular events with male sex, increasing age and disease duration.
Objective: To radiologically examine the impact of bad air quality on the x-ray findings of patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of CPTH, Lahore, from 1st of Oct. to 1st of Dec. 2021. A total of 40 patients from age groups between 21 – 60 years and from both genders, who presented with respiratory symptoms, were included in the study for their x-ray findings. As this was a radiological study, there was only one clinical parameter taken into consideration and that was x-ray chest. The patients enrolled in the study were divided into 4 groups, based on the severity of symptoms and findings on x-rays. Only non-smokers were included in the study. Results: Out of 40 patients, 18 showed no changes on x-ray chest, 12 showed minor appearance of unilateral peri bronchiolar shadows, 6 showed a more prominent appearance of peribronchiolar shadows bilaterally whereas 4 showed bilateral signs of lung fibrosis. Conclusion: Exposure to smog filled air can be linked to accelerated development of lung damage, even among people who have never smoked.
A 56-year old male with pulmonary tuberculosis and non-compliant to anti-tuberculosis therapy presented with multiple skin eruptions over the shins and hands for 2 months. Clinical features and skin biopsy were indicative of Papulonecrotic tuberculid, hence, he was put on renal adjusted ATT due to his worsening serum creatinine.
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