The empirical research investigated the relationship between tourism development and environmental suitability to propose a framework for sustainable ecotourism. The framework suggested a balance between business and environmental interests in maintaining an ecological system with the moderating help of government support and policy interventions. The study population encompasses tourism stakeholders, including tourists, representatives from local communities, members of civil administration, hoteliers, and tour operators serving the areas. A total of 650 questionnaires were distributed to respondents, along with a brief description of key study variables to develop a better understanding. After verifying the instrument's reliability and validity, data analysis was conducted via hierarchical regression. The study findings revealed that a substantial number of people perceive socio-economic benefits, including employment and business openings, infrastructure development from tourism development, and growth. However, the state of the natural and environmental capital was found to be gradually degrading. Alongside the social environment, social vulnerability is reported due to the overutilization of land, intrusion from external cultures, and pollution in air and water due to traffic congestion, accumulation of solid waste, sewage, and carbon emissions. The study suggested a model framework for the development of sustained ecotourism, including supportive government policy interventions to ensure effective conservation of environmental and natural resources without compromising the economic viability and social well-beings of the locals. Furthermore, the variables and the constructs researched can be replicated to other destinations to seek valuable inputs for sustainable destination management elsewhere.

The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have left many repercussions for the tourism industry to preempt any future catastrophe of this nature. The research aims to propose recommendations for the post-COVID-19 business world to revitalize and reclaim their market space and win back their volumes without any fear of indefinite closures and continued lockdowns in the industry. Drawing from the literature, the study assumed revitalization through responsiveness, use of advanced technology, customers’ and employees’ willingness, enhanced skills, adherence to standard operating procedures and protective measures, and restructuring via a public–private partnership. For the purpose, survey method was employed to collect data from the industry. After confirmation of the reliability and validity, the regression analyses supported effective revitalization through government responsiveness, use of digital technology, psychological recouping of customers’ willingness, enhancing technical skills through training, strict adherence to protective measures, and destination restructuring and reorganization through a public–private partnership. The study proclaimed that Pakistan’s tourism and hospitality sector development has evolved through the COVID-19 situation, and is likely to revamp and revitalize into a sustainable business. Once achieving sustainability, the revamped industry will likely to increase revenue, generate employment, and alleviate poverty through thriving public–private partnerships, community involvement, and community well-being without compromising people’s health.

PurposeTherefore, this research study investigates the impact of business environment on the performance of the business organizations. (1) To understand the importance the environment in the success of the business entrepreneurship. (2) To explore the environmental factors that can affect the success of business entrepreneurship in Pakistan. (3) To establish relationship between the environmental factors and the sustained organizational performance of business entrepreneurships in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from the person–environment fit (PE fit) and the self-determination theory literature, this survey research study seeks to determine the impact of organizational environment upon sustained organizational economic performance. The main independent variable of the study encompasses its main three dimensions, i.e. leadership capacity, organizational culture and organizational politics. The dependent variable comprises the sustained economic performance of the organization. The research study hypothesized and tested a model in which the organizational environment (organizational culture, organizational politics and leadership) interplays with the organizational sustained performance.FindingsKeeping in view the outcomes of this research work the following implications can be drawn. A leader can yield maximum productivity of employees, if he/she has leadership capacity to provide directions, skilled to minimize the stress level of the employees and able to motivate them in achieving organizational goals. Therefore, capacity of leader to handle difficult situations and develop PE fit is the key to organizational success in current scenario. The study also revealed a positive effect of organizational culture on organizational performance. The culture of the organizations provides an environment of openness to think, share and contribute toward goals of the organization. It enables employees to express themselves, develop person-organization common goals with self-determination. The PE fit provides a platform to feel free, express their feelings and opinions, and contribute in the decision-making process of organizations. The involvement in organizational activities provide a sense of responsibility, ownership and motivation to produce better results for the organizations.Originality/valuePE fit perspective postulates that matching individual psychological needs and environmental supplies (provided by organization and society) generates positive attitudes and behaviors (Tepper et al., 2018). The effect between individuals and their environment is inherently reciprocal rather than a one-way effect (Goetz et al., 2021). The fundamental postulation support that the fit certainly improves performance, commitment and satisfaction of individuals in the context of organizations (De Cooman et al., 2019; Rau vola et al., 2020). Moreover, self-determination theory (SDT) is another perspective that emphasizes the attainment of autonomy, competence and relatedness in employees to outperform (Deci and Ryan, (2010). The self-determination theory revolves around the social-contextual conditions that support or obstruct the integral courses of self-motivation and psychological development, which will contribute toward organizational performance (Nazir et al., 2021).

This study aims to examine how factors related to internal environment (i.e. human resource skills, organizational culture and funding) affect the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan. The three internal factors i.e. human resource skills; organizational culture and funding were hypothesized to have a positive impact on the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan. The study employed questionnaire survey to collect data from a total of 300 respondents using convenient sampling. The theoretical model proposed in the current study was tested using structural equation modeling. The structural model supports all hypotheses proposed in the current study. Results suggest that human resource skills, organizational culture and funding have significant positive impact on the sustainability of social enterprises in Pakistan. The study also demonstrates implications for researchers and practitioners with avenues for future research. Keywords: Social enterprises, sustainability, organization culture, funding, human resource skills.

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The phenomenon of Quality of service, as the degree of excellence at an acceptable price, has gained a pivotal place in the success or failure of a business or gaining and maintaining customer satisfaction over the years. The research study aimedto compare the mean score of KPK, Punjab and Islamabad hotel customer’s mean score and to recommend strategies for improving managerial efficiency and operational effectiveness in improvising and sustaining service quality so as to gain and sustain customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. The population included hotels having restaurants and living accommodation both, and stratified on the bases of geography located in selected cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad and Lahore. The sample of hotel , worked out on the bases of 10hotels from each location and 20 customers from each hotel, comprises of 60 hotels and 1200 customers from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and 20 hotels and 400 customers forum Islamabad and Lahore . The paired samples t-test used to compare the mean score difference about the customers of KPK, Punjab and Islamabad Pakistan found that there is significance difference between the mean score of Punjab and KPK customers on service quality attributes. The mean score of Punjab customers is and Islamabad customers are found that there is significance difference between the mean score for Punjab and customers on service quality attributes. The research contributes theoretically and practically to the Hotel service industry and customer satisfaction in Pakistan which is supported by the empirical evidence and would help the Pakistan’s Hotel industry to improve its business performance through improving their service quality and adding in to their customer satisfaction.

The descriptive cum correlational research aims to suggest a framework for modification in business process to restore and rebuild, pandemic hard hit, tourism, and hospitality sector. The research premises on the rationale that under the persistent and looming pandemic threat, continued closures, and lockdowns of the tourism destinations with rising unemployment is not the answer to live with. Drawing from the exploratory research, a resilience-based framework model, to restore and rebuild Pakistan tourism and hospitality sector amid pandemic, an instrument was self-developed and validated before its operationalization. After checking the reliability and validity of the instrument through Cronbach's Alpha and exploratory factors analysis, the instrument was administered through mix of physical and online distribution. The sample of 312 respondents, representing variety of stakeholders from tourism and hospitality businesses across favorite destinations, responded through a mix of online and physical survey. The research found an adaptable resilience-based framework model for the restoration and recovery of tourism and hospitality businesses amid pandemics. The model called for placement of health safety features, provision of service quality, technological interventions, and socially responsible imaging of hotels. However, the desired outcomes can only be reached through well-knitted joint response from all the stakeholders including government, community, tourists, and the destination managers. The research argued that the restoration and rebuilding of tourism and hospitality business, is likely to renovate into sustainable tourism capable of kick-starting employment generation, poverty alleviation, society's well-being, and economic growth without compromising people health. Keywords: Tourism and hospitality business, COVID Pandemic, business restoration, transformation of business processes, business resilience.