Background: Most strokes are ischemic; the type of artery involved can affect the prognosis and clinical symptoms. The risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and elevated cholesterol. It has been demonstrated that lipid profile levels and the prognosis of stroke are related. Aim: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients based on the location of the infarct. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from 10 August to 10 January 2022. Methods: Four hundred patients with MRI-proven ischemic stroke were enrolled. The blood samples were obtained, and a lipid profile was used to determine the lipid abnormalities (dyslipidemia). Results: Middle cerebral artery involvement was the most frequently observed among the enrolled ischemic stroke patients, i.e., 54.8%. The overall frequency of dyslipidemia was 92.3%; hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL, and low HDL was present in 47.8%, 50.8%, 33.8%, and 93.8%, respectively. All patients with middle cerebral artery involvement had low HDL levels, 34.25% had high LDL levels, 41.10% had high triglyceride levels, and 54.79% had high cholesterol levels. A significant effect of age, gender, recurrent stroke, and location of infarct was observed on the frequency of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The frequency of dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients in Pakistan is relatively high. This emphasized how important it is to reduce these population-wide modifiable risk factors. Keywords: Stroke, Dyslipidemia, Ischemic stroke, Lipid profile
Objectives: To compare the blood pressure levels across the categories of hypertension related signs and symptoms among outpatients aged up to 45 years. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Sindh Government Urban Health Centre Karachi. Period: July 2017 to February 2018. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was organized in the outpatient department of a secondary care hospital of Karachi. Patients aged up to 45 years with self-reported history of hypertension and taking anti-hypertensive medication were included in the study. All patient related data was recorded by interviewing using the study questionnaire whereas the blood pressure levels were measured through a sphygmomanometer with stethoscope. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The study results showed that systolic blood pressure level was significantly different across categories of headache history (p=0.045), sleep apnea (p=0.043) and palpitation (p=0.03) where for headache history patients without whereas for sleep apnea and palpitation patients with these signs and symptoms had higher mean rank of systolic blood pressure levels. Moreover, the diastolic blood pressure level was not significantly different across categories of any of the sign and symptom of hypertension. Conclusion: Blood pressure levels were found to be significantly different across categories of a number of clinical manifestations of hypertension. Moreover, the observed differences differed among patients with different durations of hypertension.
Objective: The aim of the study to determine the frequency of cardiogenic shock and its associated factors in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction in tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Observational Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi. Period: January to July 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 241 patients with acute inferior wall MI presented with the complain of chest pain for more than 30 minutes and less than 24 hours were recruited in this study. A detailed history including age, sex, family history and co-morbidities status was taken. Patients undergone right sided ECG. Cardiac shock was assessed and recorded prospectively. Results: There were 144 male and 97 female patients. Mean age was 52.58±10.13 years. 44.8% were hypertensive, 14.5% were diabetic, 19.1% had family history of CAD, and 14.9% were smokers. In our study, 7.9% cases were found with cardiogenic shock. The association of cadiogenic shock was found significant with age, female gender, co-morbidities (P-values<0.05). Conclusion: Cardiogenic shock (CS) remain the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients with myocardial infarction. The present study concluded that there is increased risk of cardiogenic shock in patients having inferior myocardial infarction along with right ventricular infarction. The study shows prevalence of cardiogenic shock and factors that increases the risk. The factors such as age, female gender, patients with medical conditions such diabetes and hypertension, smoking status are risk factors of cardiogenic shock in patients with coronary heart disease.
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