The effect of independent variables of Soxhlet extraction; temperature (35-55C), solvent-to-solid ratio (5-25, g/g) and particle size (0.15-0.6 mm) on oleoresin yield (% db), curcumin yield (% db) as well as total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts was investigated. Response surface methodology was used for optimization and the high correlation of the mathematical models indicated that a quadratic polynomial model could be used for optimization of the investigated responses. Multiresponse optimization study indicated that the optimum conditions for the extraction were extraction temperature 48.94C, solvent-to-solid ratio 20.95 and particle size 0.24 mm. The optimized conditions yielded 9.57% of oleoresin (db), 3.33% curcumin (db) and TPC 13.73 mg GAE/g. From the initial data of optimization, equilibrium studies were conducted considering the optimum particle size (0.24 mm) in a batch extractor at different temperatures ranging from room temperature (28C) to 50C. The equilibrium constant varied between 4.39 and 13.71 under these temperatures.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONIn this manuscript, response surface methodology approach has been used as an important research tool to evaluate the effect of different process variables on oleoresin extraction from turmeric. Also, an insight into equilibrium distribution relationship will help in equipment design and scaling up the extraction process.
Oil from soybean is obtained mostly by solvent extraction of soybean flakes. Legislation banning the use of hexane as solvent for extracting edible vegetable oil has forced a search for an alternative solvent and for developing a suitable oil recovery process. Expellers are being used for obtaining vegetable oil by mechanical means (expression) from oil seeds having oil content higher than 20 %. It was felt, in view of the stiffness of the soybean matrix, a combination of solvent treatment and expression could be a cheaper alternative; thus an attempt has been made here to develop a two stage process constituting soaking of soybean grits in solvent followed by mechanical compression (hydraulic press) of solvent-soaked grits to recover oil. The present work aimed at studying the effect of various process parameters on oil yield from solvent soaked soybean-grits during soaking as well as pressing stages using the solvents: hexane, ethanol (alternative solvent). The process parameters were identified through holistic approach. The dependant variable was oil recovery (expressed as fraction of initial oil content of soybean) whereas the independent parameters were particle size, solvent-bean mass ratio, soaking time, soaking temperature, applied pressure and pressing time. The effect of each of the above parameters on fractional oil recovery (FOR) was studied. The results of the present study indicate that the above parameters have a significant effect on the fractional oil recovery with particle size, soaking temperature, soaking time and pressing time being the most significant factors. The present study also indicates that ethanol can be used as an alternate solvent to hexane by optimizing the factors as discussed in this paper.
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