The article aims to identify the latest trends in research on renewable energy, sustainability and the environment. A total of 92,873 publications from 123 Scopus sources for 2020–2021 are compared using the scoping review method. The results show that the most cited works in this sample are those by authors from the Asian region. The research of these authors focuses on the security, efficiency and reliability of separate elements in energy systems. Besides, the paper considers the problems regarding COVID disease along with the renewable energy sources, perovskite and organic solar panels, nanostructured materials and high energy density. Finally, the paper analyses applications of computer science methods in research on renewable energy, sustainability and the environment. The findings evidently show that recent advancements in computer science methods were not extensively used in the discussed research domain and give a great room for novel strategies of prognosing, simulation and processes optimisation.

This research is the first step in scientific work on the formation of organizational and communication system stakeholders` interaction in Smart Grid. This theoretical research studies the cooperation of stakeholders under the logical and meaningful process of initiation, design, implementation, and development of Smart Grid projects. According to researches analysis in this area and the best practice approaches to the development of Smart Grids, a stakeholder` interaction matrix has been formed. The peculiarity of the developed matrix is taking into account the stages and directions (key aspects) of the Smart Grids development. It forms the basis for a systematic analysis of the problem under study. So the designed matrix will be used as a component of the formation of the stakeholders` interaction logicalstructural scheme. The development of this scheme is an intermediate stage in modeling the interaction of stakeholders. The research results presented in this paper are the first theoretical step in a multi-stage study of stakeholder interaction.

In this manuscript, we investigate the importance of renewable energy innovation for achieving inclusive and sustainable goals and the state’s energy security. Emphases in research are made on investigation the effect of regulatory policies and fiscal incentives on achieving renewable energy targets. Exploiting energy data for 28 European countries over the period 1990–2018, we assess the relationship between the volumes of renewable energy and energy efficiency. The statistical analysis we performed in Python. Our results indicate that the share of energy from renewable positively correlates with all energy efficiency indicators except energy productivity.

The European energy policy is a core role in the development of the new model of the energy market and carbon-free economy in Ukraine. In the paper, the authors analyzed the key issues on the way to implement the European policy on increasing energy efficiency and green innovations which emphasized in pro et contra. The performance of national energy policy could be limited by the market instruments, the efficiency of the smart grid and perception of innovations in the energy sectors, institutional development in general. Thus, the paper aimed to indicate the impact of green innovations on sustainable development and the country’s energy efficiency for 2000-2019. The authors used economic and mathematical modeling. The Ordinary Least Square Model was used for the integral assessment of energy efficiency policy. The authors analyzed nine sub-indicators from four Sustainable development goals (Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and Production, Combating Climate Change) and the indicator which characterized the innovation costs of industrial enterprises in the energy sector in Ukraine. The methodological instrument for checking the hypothesis and empirical justification was software stats models в Python 3.6.11. Due to the seven rounds of optimization, the authors developed significant functioning. Considering the finding of Ordinary Least Square Modelling, the authors highlighted the determinants which influenced the efficiency of energy policy: dependence on energy imports by-products, real GDP per capita, and final energy consumption. At the same time, the final energy consumption had less effect on the efficiency of energy policy and demonstrated the negative relationships with energy efficiency. The results of the models were verified using RESET and Jarque-Bera tests and confirmed the correctness of the proposed model. Keywords: energy policy, sustainable development goals, green innovations, energy efficiency.

The article aims to identify the relationship between energy efficiency and particular indicators of energy losses in Europe. The results of the bibliographic analysis showed a knowledge gap in energy losses in Europe regarding the new challenges of energy security. For the analysis, annual panel data from 32 European countries were collected from 1990 to 2019. The authors used the Jarque–Bera test to assess the normality of the residuals, utilized the Breush–Pagan test for heteroskedasticity check, and applied regression analysis to determine the relationship between energy efficiency and energy loss rates in Europe. To assess the effects of energy losses, the authors performed OLS modeling using the stats model’s package in Python. According to the modeling results, an increase in distribution losses (% of available energy from all sources) by 1% in Europe leads to an increase in energy consumption by 17.16% under other constant conditions. There is significant heterogeneity between European countries concerning energy efficiency and energy loss coefficients. Such a situation requires the development of new strategies and mechanisms to reduce energy losses, considering the challenges of energy security in Europe in turbulent times. Further research can be devoted to clustering European countries according to the main groups of energy losses: in the extraction, distribution, storage, and transformation of energy.

This paper analyzes various aspects of energy dependency and identifies the hidden factors behind national energy security. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the factors that reduce energy security in the consumption of natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy generation were identified. One such factor is import dependency on energy resources. Import dependency on energy is a crucial characteristic of energy security and can exacerbate the effects of external aggression, non-competitive behavior, and pressure. Given the energy crisis of 2022, most countries around the world have revised their energy security policies to reduce import dependency by diversifying supplies and reducing dependence on Russian energy resources. The factor analysis of energy dependency ratios, 1990-2020, was used to study the energy security of the EU27 countries. The factor analysis was performed for annual indices calculated using the Eurostat database of “Simplified energy balances.” The paper hypothesized the existence of latent relationships between energy security variables for the twenty-seven EU countries. The hypothesis was verified using Bartlett’s sphericity test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion. The results of hypothesis testing showed its statistical significance (the p-value < 0.05) and the possibility of factor analysis. Correspondence indices also indicated the adequacy of possible prediction of a set of variables. The factor analysis was executed in Python using the FactorAnalyzer module (the release 0.4.0). The principal factor extraction and the varimax rotation model were used to obtain the initial solution, preserving the orthogonality of the loading matrix. The factor structure of the model was confirmed for four factors consisting of the twenty-eight elements. The received four factors model allowed us to describe around 80% of the cumulative variance. It was found that each factor separately explained 46.89%, 15.80%, 10.91%, and 6.39% of the variance, respectively.

The paper considers the use of renewable energy sources, the economic efficiency of their full-scale implementation, the policies of European countries on the development of energy systems and domestic energy networks. Existing energy networks in most cases do not meet modern market requirements. First, it concerns energy supply based on the renewable energy sources as most of the electricity is supplied to the electric networks in a decentralized way and only then to the consumers. Therefore, the key tool for successful energy redistribution should be the expansion of powerful regional transmission networks and local distribution networks. At the same time, consumption and conventional energy generation should become more flexible to meet market requirements. The use of “smart technologies”, especially digitalization with the help of smart energy meters, should be the driving tool to create new economic opportunities and simplify the coordination of energy generation and consumption. The use of “smart technologies” for renewable energy should be the basis for the energy systems development in Ukraine. International practices indicate the effectiveness of these technologies. The main advantage of their implementation is the security of energy supply to consumers, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions as well as technological energy losses in the electric grid. One more advantage is the optimization of existing energy systems and their intelligent automation that allows the efficient use of renewable energy sources, reduction of the transmission losses through networks, the increase of the stability level of electricity supplies, the reduction of the negative impact of energy systems on the environment and meeting consumers’ needs for reliable energy supply. Keywords: energy technologies, power grids, energy technologies, smart technologies, smart grids.

The Ukrainian energy system is one of the least efficient in the world. In terms of energy intensity, GDP is one of the last places in the corresponding world rankings. The need to reduce energy consumption of production is a key driver of reforming the energy sector of Ukraine's economy. Ukraine's international commitments and strategic course for integration with the European Union set priorities in the country's energy policy. Ukraine's energy strategy reflects key areas for the future development of the industry and is developed in the light of global trends and experience of the European Union. However, the implementation of the strategy requires a number of measures, including the adaptation of national legislation to the requirements of the European Union in order to form a new model of a competitive energy market. In addition, an important aspect of energy reform is the innovative nature of the measures envisaged for implementation. In particular, particular attention should be paid to the application of technologies that will form the basis of the energy system in the medium to long term. Such technologies include, in particular, “smart” grids that require a systematic approach to scale them up. The article deals with the reasons of low energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy and the dynamics of the energy intensity index of the gross domestic product of Ukraine from the early 90s to the present and its relation with the world average. The structure of the country's energy balance and transformation of the electricity market are considered as one of the key directions of reforming the country's energy system. In addition, the article identifies that the development of "smart" energy networks is today an alternative direction for the development of electricity. The importance of continuous support of energy market participants for the formation of favorable business and investment environment is identified, as well as the potential consequences of state policy fluctuations of energy market actors on the example of solar energy support in Ukraine are identified. Keywords: "smart" grids, energy, GDP, energy strategy.