The article presents the results of research on the application of Big Data digital technologies for unstructured information in modern higher education. Considered the importance of technology Big Data at the present stage of development, analyzed the prospects for application in higher education. An overview of the most common mathematical methods for extracting content from arrays of unstructured information is given: prediction method, TF-IDF method, hidden Markov model, PageRank reference ranking model, document indexing model, formalization method of processing unstructured Web-documents data. The present state of the art, trends in the development of Big Data and Web Mining technologies, and examples of companies that have implemented Big Data technologies in their activities are outlined.
The influence of heat treatment (burning) of building materials on the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides was investigated. Analysis and processing of the obtained results allowed to obtain a consistent pattern of this process for each material. It has been established that the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides decreases along with growth of temperature of building rocks treatment. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides managing technological production modes and, consequently, to reduce the radiation doses of the population from these materials.
The development and implementation of nanotechnology is one of the key areas of global technological progress, comparable in value to computer science and communications, or biotechnology. Progress in electronics, medicine, materials science, mechanics, mechanical engineering, and the space industry largely depends on the development of nanotechnologies and the creation of new materials on their basis. The peculiarity of the present moment is that nanotechnologies from the sphere of research have entered the technological market and are the most dynamically developing segment. Research and development on the creation of structural materials based on metals, such as nanostructured steels, alloys, ceramics, etc., are among the priority areas of science and technology in all leading countries of the world. The article discusses the optimal conditions for the synthesis of nanomaterials and the physicochemical fundamentals of nanoindustry technology, describes the characteristics of promising nanostructured materials, methods for producing carbon nanomaterials, the field of application of nanomaterials.
In this article, studies of the radiation (radon) characteristics of the soil, soil-forming rocks and civil engineering buildings of the Volgograd Region are presented. The purpose of the study was to identify factors of the radiation background caused by radon in civil engineering objects. The regularities of radon distribution at the objects of the construction complex and the environment are determined depending on the influence of various factors. The studies made it possible to calculate the averaged annual effective equivalent doses to the population of the Volgograd Region caused by radon and the daughter products of the decay of radon. As a result, the patterns of changes in radon activity in the air of the premises have been established, depending on the time of the year, building materials and the purpose of the room. The result of the work performed is the normative material for use in the construction industry in order to limit the radiation exposure of the population in the region. Also, methodological material for training specialists in the field of radiation research in the building complex.
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