Construction employees are required to have good knowledge of foreign language professional terms. The survey of higher school students revealed the fact of their being reluctant to the issues of good knowledge of terminology and safety in future professional activities. They should be able to cope with homonyms that may cause confusion. Therefore, the research considers ‘false friends of a translator’ taking account of their similarities or differences in the pronunciation, meaning and spelling in English and Russian. To realize this aim the authors empirically surveyed two groups of a higher school final-year students to contribute to their language development through good knowledge of terms. The research was conducted on the base of comparison, observation and empirical methods and the teaching-practicing-controlling approach. The results obtained show that proper educating the future specialists to the use of the lexical units under consideration correctly can improve their professional growth and safety. The results can be used in language teaching practice, in making dictionaries for special purposes, as well as for making some possible contribution to terminology science.
The relevance of the research is determined by the contemporary interest to the intercultural communication in the context of the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics. The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of communicative interaction between the citizens of Germany and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland. The systematic analysis of studies on the communicative styles of Germans living in Germany and Switzerland allowed us to determine their main features. The study showed that the communication between the analyzed ethno-cultural communities is complicated by a number of linguistic and culturally-conditioned problems. While the inhabitants of Germany demonstrate the characteristic features of the low-context culture, the communicative style of the German-speaking Swiss is mitigative as they are referred to the high-context culture. The socio-cultural differences in the mutual perception of the analyzed ethnosocial groups lead to the formation of stereotypes and clichés which influence the intercultural communication. The materials of the paper may be used in comparative cultural linguistics, country and cultural studies.
The article is devoted to the comparative analyses of politeness in Russian and German linguistic cultures. Ethnic and cultural peculiarity of politeness, defined as communicative category, is revealed on the basis of associative experiment research, conducted with participation of Russian and German respondents. In the analyzed ethnic societies we have established common and nationally specific strategies of positive and negative politeness. We have come to the conclusion that studying strategies characteristics of ethnic and cultural politeness, comprising obligatory component of cross-cultural competence and providing opportunity for cooperative, conflict free communication between different linguistic cultures' representatives is perspective.
Abstract. The article analyzes the phenomenon of "communicative category" and its categorical features in comparison with the communicative concept. It defines the main differences between the concepts explicitly verbalized in discourse, and communicative categories which determine the nature and principles of the discourse organization despite their predominantly implicit representation in the discourse. Communicative categories often do not relate to the key lexical item due to the fact that they reflect indistinct, often subjective and relative entities. Combinations of words indicating the communicative character of the latter are used for their lexical objectification. The article suggests the technique to describe the given formats of knowledge, including the combination of several research methods, in particular social, psycholinguistic and communicative methods, associative experiment, interviewing, questionnaire, and the analysis of the functioning of language and speech means, which represent certain communicative category in different types of discourse. Exemplified by the category of communicative mitigation, substantial structure of the communicative category and its representation in communication are demonstrated, as well as metadiscursive markers expliciting this category in Russian and German linguistic cultures are presented. The importance of considering the didactic aspect in the study of the communicative categories forming the communicative competence of the speaker is noted. КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ КАТЕГОРИИ В КОГНИТИВНО-ДИСКУРСИВНОЙ ПАРАДИГМЕ Светлана Салаватовна ТахтароваКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, г. Казань, Российская Федерация Аннотация. Cтатья посвящена анализу понятия коммуникативной категории в сопоставлении с поня-тием коммуникативного концепта. Определены основные отличия концептов, эксплицитно вербализуемых в дискурсе, от коммуникативных категорий, которые, несмотря на преимущественно имплицитную представ-ленность в дискурсе, детерминируют его характер и принципы организации. Установлено, что коммуника-
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