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Liver steatosis is a key pathology in non-alcoholic or metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Though largely ignored for decades it is currently becoming the focus of research in hepatology. It is important to consider its origin and current opportunities in terms of pharmacotherapy. Essential phospholipids (EPLs) rich in phosphatidylcholine (PCH) is a widely used treatment option for fatty liver disease, and there is a solid amount of consistent clinical evidence for the regression of steatosis after treatment with EPLs. As knowledge of PCH (a key component of EPLs) pharmacodynamics and mode of action driving this widely observed clinical effect is currently insufficient, we aimed to explore the potential molecular and metabolic pathways involved in the positive effects of PCH on steatosis regression.
Aim. An analysis of coronavirus infection in Russia and evaluation of different AVT regimens effectiveness.
Materials and methods. The study involved a retrospective analysis of 1082 patient records with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 17 regions of Russia. The number of men and women was equal, mean age 48.718.1 (median 50). Patients with moderate COVID-19 (85%) versus mild COVID-19 (15%) were characterized by higher age (median 54 vs 21 years; p0.001), higher body mass index (27.8 vs 23.4; p0.001), prevalence of chronic diseases (75.3% vs 8.5%; p0.001), including circulatory system diseases (37.8%). Moderate COVID-19 characterized higher intoxication (10.86.1 vs 4.22.7 days; p0.001) and catarrhal symptoms duration (10.25.4 vs 6.14.1 days; p0.001).
Results. During hospitalization 92% of the patients received AVT, 77% antibiotics, and 16% corticosteroids. Umifenovir therapy resulted in a significant reduction of intoxication (8.75.5 vs 11.75.5 days; p0.001) and catarrhal symptoms duration (8.85.1 vs 12.04.9 days; p0.001) compared to the group without AVT. The usage of INF reduced intoxication symptoms compared with the group without AVT (8.97.5 vs 11.75.5; p0.05). Therapy with hydroxychloroquine, imidazolylethanamide pentandioic acid, and lopinavir + ritonavir combination did not affect the course of COVID-19. Most of adverse reactions were related to antibiotics.
Conclusion. Umifenovir therapy and inclusion of interferon in AVT regimens was associated improvement in the clinical manifestation of the disease among patients.
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