The article presents the author's view on the problem of globalization of higher education in its socio-cultural aspect. The authors rely on their own experience of teaching in Russian universities, as well as on the works of domestic and foreign scientists: teachers, philosophers, psychologists. The attention of authors is directed to the philosophical analysis of several important social and cultural problems of education: the integration of national high schools into a single global educational space (academic mobility, intercultural adaptation of foreign students, standardization of training programs), the ratio of national and "global" values and purposes of education, unification and the loss of specificity of achievements of the national high schools (localization of institutions of higher education, peculiarities of training methods and teaching technologies), the "economization" of education, determining the priority between praxiological (industrial and economic) and socio-cultural (educational) roles of education. The authors pay special attention to the problem of correlation between Western and Eastern cognitive styles of thinking, cognition and types of mentality, which play a very important role in the personal and behavioral pathways of students, but, unfortunately, are not taken into account today in the globalization of higher education. The result of the article is the conclusion about the necessity of finding effective ways for national systems of higher education, models of protection of its uniqueness and preservation of institutional identity in the context of the ongoing process of internationalization of spiritual life. As a possible solution to this complex of problems, the authors propose the idea of a global -national model of higher education, which involves the inclusion in the curriculum of two levels of objectives, competencies and methods: 1) "global", meet modern socio -economic challenges, the specifics of intercultural communication; 2) "national", correlating with the first level, but at the same time, reflecting the experience of the national higher school, the specifics of the political, socio-economic and cultural development of the country.
Spatial heterotopy of modern space contributes to the emergence of new communicative patterns in the field of „own – other” contacts. But the persisting traditional ethnic stereotypes conflict with the changing socio-cultural realities. In this article the authors analyze the problem of preservation culture from Stranger. In this regard serious questions raise. These are: what do we keep – either the traditional culture with its internal code or the culture as a whole; what and from whom do we protect – either the traditional culture from globalization challenges, or „our own culture” from the Other; and, at last, how do we protect it – either carefully saving from innovations or actively breaking all traditional forms clearing away the road for innovative development? Anyway rhizome world view becomes the factor that significantly complicates adaptation of NeoStranger into the receiving societies. It demands theoretical comprehension of a new strategy of cross-cultural communication in modern transcultural space.
The article attempts to develop the methodological foundations of innovation as a new field of scientific research that studies innovation in science, culture and society. On the basis of the philosophical and methodological approach, the term “innovation” is conceptualized. The definition of the concept of innovation proposed in the article is based on the “procedural approach” in the interpretation of innovation activity and at the same time emphasizes the significance of the final result in the form of a new product that has commercial (social) value. In the context of modern trends in technogenic civilization, the essential features of innovative activity are revealed, its high degree of uncertainty and sensitivity to random changes and the influence of the external environment is revealed, it is shown that, along with organization, self-organization processes play an important role in it, manifested in complex, spontaneous changes accompanying the emergence of innovations. It is concluded that these features are evidence of the synergistic nature of innovation. The “rehabilitation” of synergetics is being carried out, which is considered as an ontological basis for building an innovative methodology. The article also formulates the basic principles of innovation methodology: openness of innovation, unity of linearity and non-linearity, probabilistic nature, the principle of systemic communication and organization, interdisciplinarity, the principle of relying on feedback. The possibility of creating an innovative method is being assessed. On this basis, the modern status of innovation is determined as an independent field of knowledge that has its own object, subject, functions, subjects, methodology, social mechanisms and the sphere of innovative consciousness, as well as other distinctive features of any particular science. A new approach to understanding the social and humanitarian expertise of high-risk innovative projects is proposed.
A problem of complex philosophic analysis of the Russian public consciousness transformation in conditions of technogenic sociocultural reality (processes of technological development, informatization, and virtualization, axiologisation of the technogenic and deaxiologisation of the humanistic) is the objective of the research. Special attention is paid to determining technogenic metamorphoses and structural and functional trends of public consciousness dynamics in Russia.Content and structural and functional technogenic public consciousness metamorphoses are reflected by conjugating philosophical methodology of research with the categorical apparatus and methods of social psychology, cultural-historical psychology and social cognitive science. The scientific novelty of research consists in revealing main technogenic Russian public
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